Mulyani Sri, Mitchell Gary, Carter Gillian, Woods Bob, Warsini Sri, Saifullah Azam David, Ulayya Aisyah Iffah, Brown Wilson Christine
Department of Mental Health and Community Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
BMC Med Educ. 2025 May 29;25(1):798. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-07332-2.
Individuals living with dementia often visit healthcare settings, so it is important for health professionals to have appropriate dementia care training. A key component of dementia care is a positive, person-centred attitude towards people with dementia. As future healthcare workers, health students need to develop positive attitudes early in their education. To assess and support the development of such attitudes, a brief, valid, and reliable tool is needed in Indonesia. However, no such tool is currently available in Indonesia. The Approaches to Dementia Questionnaire (ADQ) is a well-established instrument that measures care staff attitudes and has been shown to predict staff behaviour and the recognition of people with dementia. Therefore, this study aims to translate, adapt, and assess the validity and reliability of the Indonesian translation of the modified ADQ for use with health students.
This methodological study was conducted from October to November 2023 to adapt the modified ADQ into Indonesian. The translation process followed established cross-cultural adaptation by Brislin guidelines, including translation, synthesis, expert review, and testing. Two translators from different language institutions translated the instrument into Indonesian (T1 & T2). These two versions were synthesised into an integrated version (T12) by a panel of experts. The final instrument was tested on 161 fourth-year nursing, medical, and health nutrition students recruited through consecutive sampling.
The Indonesian version of the ADQ demonstrated an overall internal consistency of 0.584 (Cronbach's alpha), which is considered acceptable. Subscale reliability was moderate for the Hope subscale (α = 0.552) and higher for the Personhood subscale (α = 0.701). Item-total correlation values ranged from 0.261 to 0.588, indicating moderate validity overall; however, three items (Items 1, 6, and 15) were identified as invalid with correlation coefficients below 0.195.
The Indonesian version of the ADQ demonstrated lower reliability and variable subscale consistency compared to adaptations in other countries. This may be due to limited public awareness and associated stigma towards dementia. These findings highlight the need for further refinement of item wording and better alignment with local contexts, to improve the tool's validity and reliability for use in different populations.
痴呆症患者经常前往医疗机构就诊，因此医护人员接受适当的痴呆症护理培训非常重要。痴呆症护理的一个关键要素是对痴呆症患者持积极的、以人为本的态度。作为未来的医护人员，医学生需要在其教育早期就培养积极的态度。为了评估和支持这种态度的发展，印度尼西亚需要一种简短、有效且可靠的工具。然而，印度尼西亚目前尚无此类工具。痴呆症护理方法问卷（ADQ）是一种成熟的工具，用于测量护理人员的态度，并已被证明能够预测护理人员的行为以及对痴呆症患者的认知。因此，本研究旨在翻译、改编并评估修改后的ADQ印尼语版本用于医学生的有效性和可靠性。
本方法学研究于2023年10月至11月进行，旨在将修改后的ADQ改编为印尼语版本。翻译过程遵循Brislin指南确定的跨文化改编方法，包括翻译、综合、专家评审和测试。来自不同语言机构的两名翻译人员将该工具翻译成印尼语（T1和T2）。这两个版本由一组专家综合成一个整合版本（T12）。最终工具在通过连续抽样招募的161名四年级护理、医学和健康营养专业学生中进行了测试。
ADQ的印尼语版本总体内部一致性为0.584（克朗巴哈系数），被认为是可以接受的。希望子量表的信度适中（α = 0.552），人格子量表的信度较高（α = 0.701）。项目与总分的相关值范围为0.261至0.588，总体有效性适中；然而，有三个项目（项目1、6和15）被确定为无效，相关系数低于0.195。
与其他国家改编的版本相比，ADQ的印尼语版本信度较低，子量表一致性也有所不同。这可能是由于公众对痴呆症的认识有限以及相关的污名化。这些发现凸显了进一步完善项目措辞并更好地与当地情况相契合的必要性，以提高该工具在不同人群中使用的有效性和可靠性。
