Jimenez Amy M, Abplanalp Samuel J, Eisenberger Naomi I, Horan William P, Lee Junghee, McCleery Amanda, Myers Ana Ceci, Miklowitz David J, Reavis Eric A, Reddy L Felice, Wynn Jonathan K, Green Michael F
VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA.
VA Rehabilitation R&D Center on Enhancing Community Integration for Homeless Veterans, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA.
Schizophr Res Cogn. 2025 May 22;41:100367. doi: 10.1016/j.scog.2025.100367. eCollection 2025 Sep.
Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are characterized by social impairments. Social impairment also occurs in the general community. Across clinical and nonclinical groups social impairment may be related to deficits in social approach and/or social avoidance motivation. However, the neural basis of social motivation deficits in SZ and BD is not well understood, nor is it known if they reflect features of the illness or are secondary to other factors such as social isolation. To fill these knowledge gaps, 31 individuals with SZ, 27 with BD, and 42 community comparisons (CCs) completed a team-based task during fMRI in which positive and negative feedback was provided by pictures of teammates or opponents. Importantly, the CC group was enriched for self-reported social isolation. fMRI analyses in five key regions of interest (ROIs; ventral striatum, orbital frontal cortex, insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala), secondary whole-brain analyses, and associations between ROI activity and social approach/avoidance motivation were performed. Across groups, ventral striatum and amygdala showed greater activation to positive versus negative feedback. In SZ, ventral striatum activity to positive feedback was correlated with social approach motivation. In CCs, amygdala activity during negative feedback was correlated with social avoidance motivation. Whole-brain analyses revealed greater activation in BD compared to SZ and CCs in fronto-parietal regions when feedback was provided by an opponent. Findings support disturbed reward sensitivity as a core component of poor social approach motivation in SZ and offer avenues for future research into neural mechanisms underlying social impairment in BD and the general community.
精神分裂症（SZ）和双相情感障碍（BD）的特征是存在社交障碍。社交障碍在普通人群中也会出现。在临床和非临床群体中，社交障碍可能与社交趋近和/或社交回避动机的缺陷有关。然而，SZ和BD中社交动机缺陷的神经基础尚未得到很好的理解，也不清楚它们是反映了疾病的特征，还是继发于其他因素，如社会隔离。为了填补这些知识空白，31名SZ患者、27名BD患者和42名社区对照者（CCs）在功能磁共振成像（fMRI）期间完成了一项基于团队的任务，在该任务中，队友或对手的图片会提供正面和负面反馈。重要的是，CC组中自我报告的社会隔离情况更为普遍。对五个关键感兴趣区域（ROIs；腹侧纹状体、眶额皮质、脑岛、背侧前扣带回皮质、杏仁核）进行了fMRI分析、二次全脑分析以及ROI活动与社交趋近/回避动机之间的关联分析。在所有组中，腹侧纹状体和杏仁核对正面反馈的激活程度高于负面反馈。在SZ组中，腹侧纹状体对正面反馈的活动与社交趋近动机相关。在CC组中，负面反馈期间杏仁核的活动与社交回避动机相关。全脑分析显示，当对手提供反馈时，与SZ组和CC组相比，BD组在额顶叶区域的激活程度更高。研究结果支持奖励敏感性受损是SZ社交趋近动机差的核心组成部分，并为未来研究BD和普通人群中社交障碍潜在的神经机制提供了途径。
