Lee James Weifu
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University Norfolk VA 23529 USA
RSC Adv. 2025 Jun 23;15(26):21108-21120. doi: 10.1039/d5ra03298a. eCollection 2025 Jun 16.
The "transmembrane-electrostatically localized proton(s)/cation(s) charge(s) (TELC(s), also known as TELP(s)) model" may serve as a theoretical framework to explain protonic cell energetics including both delocalized and localized protonic couplings. TELCs are held by their corresponding transmembrane-electrostatically localized hydroxides anions (TELAs) across the membrane through mutual transmembrane-electrostatic attractive force, which is now calculated to be in the range from 1.96 × 10 to 2.28 × 10 newtons (N) across a 2.5 nm thick membrane in a range of transmembrane potential from 10 to 200 mV. At a moderate transmembrane potential (100 mV), the protonic transmembrane attractive force is now calculated to be 2.08 × 10 N. Accordingly, to move such a localized proton away from the membrane-liquid interface by 1 nm, it would require 1.62 × 10 J of energy, which is equivalent to 3.8 times as much as the Boltzmann thermal kinetic energy at a physiological temperature of 37 °C, indicating that a TELCs-membrane-TELAs capacitor can be quite stable. Thus, TELCs (TELPs) formation does not require any potential barrier in liquid phases. The Zhang 2012 experiment is likely to involve a transient "protonic front" effect in a single water droplet system which has no membrane and no TELPs. The use of the "Bjerrum length" approach for merely a single pair of charges (Knyazev , , 2023, , 1641) could underestimate the protonic transmembrane attractive force. Future TELPs research is encouraged on cell systems that should have transmembrane potential associated with certain TELCs-membrane-TELAs capacitors having excess positive charges on one side of the membrane and excess anions on the other side.
“跨膜静电定位质子/阳离子电荷(TELC,也称为TELP)模型”可作为一个理论框架,用于解释包括离域和局域质子耦合在内的质子细胞能量学。TELC通过相互的跨膜静电吸引力,被其相应的跨膜静电定位氢氧根阴离子(TELA)跨膜固定,经计算,在跨膜电位为10至200 mV的范围内,穿过2.5 nm厚的膜时,该吸引力在1.96×10至2.28×10牛顿(N)之间。在中等跨膜电位(100 mV)下,质子跨膜吸引力经计算为2.08×10 N。因此,要将这样一个局域质子从膜 - 液体界面移开1 nm,需要1.62×10焦耳的能量,这相当于生理温度37°C时玻尔兹曼热动能的3.8倍,表明TELC - 膜 - TELA电容器可以相当稳定。因此,TELC(TELP)的形成在液相中不需要任何势垒。张2012年的实验可能涉及单个水滴系统中的瞬态“质子前沿”效应,该系统没有膜且没有TELP。仅对一对电荷使用“ Bjerrum长度”方法(Knyazev,,2023,,1641)可能会低估质子跨膜吸引力。鼓励未来在细胞系统上开展TELP研究,这些细胞系统应具有与某些TELC - 膜 - TELA电容器相关的跨膜电位,膜的一侧有过量正电荷,另一侧有过量阴离子。