da Rocha-Baptista Patricia, Santos-Miranda Eva, Vázquez-Lago Juan Manuel
Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Rua da Choupana s/n, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Vedra's Primary Health Center, Av. Mestre Manuel Gómez Lorenzo, 15885 Vedra, Spain.
Nurs Rep. 2025 May 30;15(6):193. doi: 10.3390/nursrep15060193.
The development of the pediatric nursing specialty in Spain is uneven, with marked differences between Autonomous Communities in training and employment. This study analyzes its evolution, current situation, and existing disparities. : A narrative documentary review was carried out including quantitative and qualitative data obtained from academic databases, legislative sources, and professional associations. : In 1964, 2554 nurses obtained the title of specialist in pediatrics and childcare, validated in 2005 as pediatric nursing. From 2010 to 2024, 2312 places for pediatric nursing interns were offered, with an unequal distribution between communities. By the exceptional route, in 2015, 9875 nurses obtained the specialty, adding up to an estimated total of 13,978 specialists. The first public employment offer was announced in 2019 in Galicia, followed by Castilla y León, Madrid, and Murcia in 2023. A total of 245 vacancies were advertised, with reconversions of vacancies in some regions. Communities such as Galicia, Madrid, and Murcia have created the category, while others, such as Catalonia and the Basque Country, have not implemented it. Finally, only five regions have a specific employment exchange that is currently operating. : Specialization in pediatric nursing presents inequalities in training and employment that influence the quality of care. To improve this situation, it is necessary to increase training places, create specific employment exchanges, and unify the recognition of the specialty at the national level to ensure equitable and quality specialized pediatric care throughout the country.
西班牙儿科护理专业的发展不均衡，自治区之间在培训和就业方面存在显著差异。本研究分析了其发展历程、现状及现存差距。：开展了一项叙述性文献综述，纳入了从学术数据库、立法来源和专业协会获取的定量和定性数据。：1964年，2554名护士获得儿科及儿童护理专科头衔，该头衔于2005年确认为儿科护理。2010年至2024年，共提供了2312个儿科护理实习生岗位，各社区分配不均。通过特殊途径，2015年有9875名护士获得该专业，估计专科护士总数达13978名。2019年加利西亚宣布了首个公共就业岗位，随后2023年卡斯蒂利亚-莱昂、马德里和穆尔西亚也发布了岗位。共公布了245个空缺岗位，部分地区有空缺岗位转换情况。加利西亚、马德里和穆尔西亚等社区设立了该类别，而加泰罗尼亚和巴斯克地区等其他社区尚未实施。最后，目前只有五个地区设有专门的就业交流平台。：儿科护理专业化在培训和就业方面存在不平等现象，影响护理质量。为改善这种情况，有必要增加培训岗位，创建专门的就业交流平台，并在国家层面统一该专业的认可，以确保全国范围内提供公平且高质量的儿科专科护理。
