Zhao Ximing, Zhao Dandan, Ge Xinrui, Zhang Yin, Du Yuxiao, Liu Jingguo, Liu Yuning, Wang Hongfeng, Zheng Baojiang
College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jun 11;14(12):1780. doi: 10.3390/plants14121780.
is the only genus in the Grossulariaceae family and holds considerable economic importance. Northeast Asia represents one of the major global centers of distribution. This study presents the first comprehensive investigation focused on this region, examining the diversity, distribution patterns, and environmental determinants of wild species through field surveys and a review of the relevant literature. Results indicate the presence of 36 species (including 8 varieties) from 7 subgenera of wild across Northeast Asia, predominantly belonging to the subgenera , , and . The species are unevenly distributed throughout the region: (1) The Russian Far East exhibits the highest species richness, with 21 species from 5 subgenera, followed by Northeast China (16 species, 6 subgenera), Japan (12 species, 7 subgenera), Mongolia (10 species, 3 subgenera), South Korea (9 species, 5 subgenera), and North Korea (8 species, 5 subgenera). These findings suggest that the Russian Far East currently serves as the core distribution center for in Northeast Asia. (2) The species diversity of wild exhibits a unimodal latitudinal pattern, peaking between 47° N and 52° N. (3) A similar unimodal trend is evident along altitudinal gradients, with most species occurring between 500 m and 1500 m. (4) Species richness is primarily influenced by temperature stability and extreme low temperatures, followed by precipitation seasonality and elevation, while annual precipitation shows a relatively minor effect. This study offers crucial baseline data for the conservation and sustainable utilization of in Northeast Asia.
是茶藨子科唯一的属，具有相当重要的经济价值。东北亚是全球主要的分布中心之一。本研究首次对该地区进行了全面调查，通过实地调查和相关文献综述，研究了野生 物种的多样性、分布格局和环境决定因素。结果表明，东北亚地区共有7个亚属的36种（包括8个变种）野生 ，主要属于 、 和 亚属。这些物种在整个地区分布不均：（1）俄罗斯远东地区的物种丰富度最高，有来自5个亚属的21种，其次是中国东北（16种，6个亚属）、日本（12种，7个亚属）、蒙古（10种，3个亚属）、韩国（9种，5个亚属）和朝鲜（8种，5个亚属）。这些发现表明，俄罗斯远东地区目前是东北亚地区 的核心分布中心。（2）野生 的物种多样性呈现单峰纬度格局，在北纬47°至52°之间达到峰值。（3）沿海拔梯度也有类似的单峰趋势，大多数物种出现在500米至1500米之间。（4）物种丰富度主要受温度稳定性和极端低温影响，其次是降水季节性和海拔高度，而年降水量的影响相对较小。本研究为东北亚地区 的保护和可持续利用提供了关键的基础数据。
