影响护理专业大学生心理韧性及其与精神应对策略关系的因素：一项潜在剖面分析
Factors influencing resilience and its relationship with spiritual coping strategies among nursing college students: a latent profile analysis.
作者信息
Hu Shuang, Liu Siying, Yang Qizhi, Zhao Ting, Shumaila Batool, Xian Yajing, Liu Hongyang, Xu Dandan, Hu Huiping, Li Xianhong
机构信息
Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China.
Department of Nursing, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China.
出版信息
BMC Nurs. 2025 Jul 3;24(1):835. doi: 10.1186/s12912-025-03510-1.
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have primarily examined overall resilience about coping strategies and demographics, overlooking individual heterogeneity. This study identifies distinct resilience profiles among nursing students, examines their associations with spiritual coping strategies, and determines demographic factors associated with these profiles.
METHOD
A cross-sectional study of 1,223 nursing students was conducted using convenience sampling from May 13 to 24, 2024. Latent profile analysis identified resilience subgroups, while the Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars approach assessed how spiritual coping strategies varied across profiles. The Three-Step Approach for Auxiliary Variables evaluated demographic predictors.
RESULT
Four resilience profiles emerged: low resilience-low strength (Profile 1), low resilience-balanced development (Profile 2), high resilience-balanced development (Profile 3), and high resilience-high tenacity (Profile 4). Positive spiritual coping strategies demonstrated progressively increasing mean scores, which were statistically significant from Profile 1 to 4. In negative spiritual coping strategies, the mean scores decreased progressively from Profile 1 to 3, with each decrease being statistically significant. Female students were likelier in Profiles 1 (β = -1.01, p < 0.05), 2 (β = -1.02, p < 0.001), and 3 (β = -0.73, p < 0.01) compared to Profile 4; Students with leadership experience were more often found in Profiles 3 (β = 0.66, p < 0.001) and 4 (β = 0.74, p < 0.01) compared to Profile 2, and students who live in urban areas were more likely to belong to Profile 4 than Profile 1 (β = 0.77, p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
There was notable individual heterogeneity in resilience among students, with distinct differences in the use of spiritual coping strategies across these profiles. Future educational interventions promoting positive spiritual coping strategies could consider resilience as a core element. The primary focus of future resilience research and education should be on female students living in rural areas and students without leadership experience during college.
CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER
Not applicable.
背景
以往研究主要考察了应对策略和人口统计学方面的总体心理韧性，而忽略了个体异质性。本研究旨在识别护理专业学生中不同的心理韧性特征，考察其与精神应对策略的关联，并确定与这些特征相关的人口统计学因素。
方法
于2024年5月13日至24日采用便利抽样法对1223名护理专业学生进行了横断面研究。潜在剖面分析确定了心理韧性亚组，而Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars方法评估了精神应对策略在不同剖面中的差异。辅助变量三步法评估了人口统计学预测因素。
结果
出现了四种心理韧性特征：低心理韧性-低力量型（特征1）、低心理韧性-平衡发展型（特征2）、高心理韧性-平衡发展型（特征3）和高心理韧性-高坚韧型（特征4）。积极的精神应对策略平均得分呈逐步上升趋势，从特征1到特征4具有统计学显著性。在消极的精神应对策略中，平均得分从特征1到特征3逐渐下降，每次下降均具有统计学显著性。与特征4相比，女生更有可能属于特征1（β = -1.01，p < 0.05）、特征2（β = -1.02，p < 0.001）和特征3（β = -0.73，p < 0.01）；与特征2相比，有领导经验的学生更常出现在特征3（β = 0.66，p < 0.001）和特征4（β = 0.74，p < 0.01）中，且与特征1相比，居住在城市地区的学生更有可能属于特征4（β = 0.77，p < 0.05）。
结论
学生的心理韧性存在显著的个体异质性，不同特征在精神应对策略的使用上存在明显差异。未来促进积极精神应对策略的教育干预措施可将心理韧性作为核心要素。未来心理韧性研究和教育的主要重点应放在农村地区的女生和大学期间没有领导经验的学生身上。
临床试验编号
不适用。
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