Seed protein electrophoresis in plant genetics: Commemorating the pioneering contributions of Prof. Chittaranjan Kole and team to the foundation of plant proteomics.

Despite the rapid progress of proteomics in human and other model organisms, plant proteomics has advanced at a comparatively slower pace. This review aims to highlight the pioneering work on seed protein markers detected by employing gel electrophoresis primarily by a team of Indian scientists that paved the way for elucidation of intervarietal and interspecific variation, evolution, and phylogenetic relationship of species and their association with resistance to pest and diseases. Far from being replaced, gel electrophoresis remains as an excellent supporting and different approach, offering a pathway to a more profound visualization and understanding of the cell proteome. This review focuses on how, from a historical standpoint, gel electrophoresis has significantly contributed to plant proteomics and other biological research. Acknowledging the pioneering work on seed storage proteins, this review serves as both a congratulatory gesture and a tribute to the eminent scientist Prof. Chittaranjan Kole and his team who pioneered the strategy of seed protein electrophoresis in crop biology research. Their findings, both directly and indirectly, have proven invaluable, particularly for those who ventured into proteomics without easy reach to sophisticated and expensive instruments/equipment to pursue DNA-based genomics research. This gel electrophoresis-based plant proteomics review includes the evolution of gel-based proteomics, their contribution to crop biology research, and future directions. It stands not only as a retrospective analysis but also as a testament to the enduring significance of gel electrophoresis in shaping the landscape of crop proteomics.