Stasińska-Jakubas Maria, Dresler Sławomir, Strzemski Maciej, Wójciak Magdalena, Rubinowska Katarzyna, Hawrylak-Nowak Barbara
Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
Molecules. 2025 Jun 27;30(13):2782. doi: 10.3390/molecules30132782.
Various metabolic modulators have been widely used in recent years to increase the accumulation of desired secondary metabolites in medicinal plants, although most studies to date have focused on in vitro systems. Although simpler and cheaper, their potential application in vivo is still limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of three chemically different elicitors (150 mg/L chitosan lactate-ChL; 10 mg/L selenium as selenite-Se; 100 mg/L salicylic acid-SA) applied to the soil substrate on some aspects of the secondary metabolism and physiological responses of L. Using HPLC-DAD, six isoquinoline alkaloids were identified and quantified in shoot extracts. LC-ESI-TOF-MS analysis confirmed the molecular identity of all target alkaloids, supporting the identification. The strongest stimulatory effect on the accumulation of protopine, berberine, and allocryptopine was observed with the Se and SA treatment, whereas ChL was less effective. In turn, the dominant alkaloids (coptisine and chelidonine) remained unaffected. There was also an increase in total phenolic compounds, but not in soluble flavonols. The elicitor treatments caused an increase in the antioxidant activity of the plant extracts obtained. Regardless of the metabolic modulator type, the strongest effect was generally observed on days 7 and 10 after application. No visual signs of toxicity and no effect on shoot biomass were found, although some elicitor-induced changes in the oxidative status (increased HO accumulation and enhanced lipid peroxidation) and free proline levels in leaves were observed. We suggest that Se or SA can be applied to . grown in a controlled pot culture to obtain high-quality raw material and extracts with increased contents of valuable specialized metabolites and enhanced antioxidant capacity.
近年来，各种代谢调节剂已被广泛用于增加药用植物中所需次生代谢产物的积累，尽管迄今为止大多数研究都集中在体外系统。虽然它们更简单、更便宜，但其在体内的潜在应用仍然有限。因此，本研究的目的是比较三种化学性质不同的诱导子（150 mg/L 壳聚糖乳酸盐 - ChL；10 mg/L 亚硒酸盐形式的硒 - Se；100 mg/L 水杨酸 - SA）施用于土壤基质后对黄连次生代谢和生理反应某些方面的影响。使用高效液相色谱 - 二极管阵列检测法（HPLC - DAD），在地上部提取物中鉴定并定量了六种异喹啉生物碱。液相色谱 - 电喷雾电离 - 飞行时间质谱（LC - ESI - TOF - MS）分析证实了所有目标生物碱的分子身份，支持了鉴定结果。观察到硒和水杨酸处理对原阿片碱、小檗碱和别隐品碱的积累具有最强的刺激作用，而壳聚糖乳酸盐的效果较差。反过来，主要生物碱（黄连碱和白屈菜碱）未受影响。总酚类化合物也有所增加，但可溶性黄酮醇没有增加。诱导子处理使所获得的植物提取物的抗氧化活性增加。无论代谢调节剂类型如何，一般在施用后第7天和第10天观察到最强的效果。未发现毒性的视觉迹象，对地上部生物量也没有影响，尽管观察到一些诱导子引起的叶片氧化状态变化（过氧化氢积累增加和脂质过氧化增强）以及游离脯氨酸水平变化。我们建议可以将硒或水杨酸施用于在可控盆栽培养中生长的黄连，以获得高质量的原料和提取物，其具有增加的有价值的特殊代谢产物含量和增强的抗氧化能力。
