Onuki Yutaro, Ueda Kazuhiro
The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Seijo University, Tokyo, Japan.
Commun Psychol. 2025 Jul 14;3(1):97. doi: 10.1038/s44271-025-00276-9.
Behavioural guidelines sometimes specify only an upper or lower limit, such as speed limits (e.g., '60') or minimum handwashing durations (e.g., '20 s'). Limits can produce anchoring effects, biasing judgments toward the values. The distinction between anchoring arising from limits that semantically imply a range (e.g., speed limit '60' implying '0-60 km/h') and those arising from an explicitly stated range (e.g., '0-60') provides insights into how presentation formats affect anchoring. Here, we show that explicitly stating both limits acts as an additional anchor; the Range Nudge-reframing a single limit as a range-reduces non-adherence behaviour compared to presenting only one limit. In online (Study 1: n = 112) and simulated driving tasks (Study 2: n = 31), while the speed limits '60' and '0-60' are logically equivalent, the range led to lower incidences of speeding. Similarly, in handwashing tasks conducted in online (Study 3a: n = 163; Study 3b: n = 484), field (Study 4: n = 38), lab (Study 5a: n = 19), and individual home settings (Study 5b: n = 442), although the limit ('more than 20 s') covered a broader time span than the range ('20-60 s'), the latter prompted a longer handwashing duration. The results suggest that individuals consider limits as recommendations, but the Range Nudge reduces this tendency. Although the findings (seven experiments, total n = 1199) stem from controlled experiments rather than large-scale real-world applications, they offer theoretical insights and practical guidance for using the Range Nudge to enhance adherence to safety and health guidelines.
行为准则有时仅规定上限或下限,例如速度限制(如“60”)或最短洗手时间(如“20秒”)。限制可能会产生锚定效应,使判断偏向这些数值。语义上暗示范围的限制(如速度限制“60”暗示“0至60公里/小时”)与明确规定范围(如“0至60”)所产生的锚定之间的区别,为展示格式如何影响锚定提供了见解。在此,我们表明明确规定两个限制会起到额外的锚定作用;与仅呈现一个限制相比,范围微调——将单个限制重新表述为一个范围——可减少不遵守行为。在在线实验(研究1:n = 112)和模拟驾驶任务(研究2:n = 31)中,虽然速度限制“60”和“0至60”在逻辑上是等效的,但范围导致超速发生率更低。同样,在在线(研究3a:n = 163;研究3b:n = 484)、实地(研究4:n = 38)、实验室(研究5a:n = 19)和个人家庭环境(研究5b:n = 442)中进行的洗手任务中,尽管限制(“超过20秒”)覆盖的时间跨度比范围(“20至60秒”)更广,但后者促使洗手时间更长。结果表明,个体将限制视为建议,但范围微调可减少这种倾向。尽管这些发现(七个实验,总计n = 1199)源于对照实验而非大规模实际应用,但它们为使用范围微调来提高对安全和健康准则的遵守提供了理论见解和实践指导。