Comparative analysis of high-intensity resistance training and blood flow restriction training on enhancing upper limb muscle strength and mass.

PURPOSE

To investigate the effects of blood flow restriction training with fixed pressure combined with low-intensity resistance training (BFRT-F) and progressive pressure combined with low-intensity resistance training (BFRT-P) in enhancing upper limb muscle strength and mass, and to compare their effects with high-intensity resistance training (HIRT).

METHODS

A stratified randomized controlled trial was conducted, where 34 participants were randomly assigned to the HIRT, BFRT-F, and BFRT-P groups. The 8-week intervention included thrice-weekly training sessions.

RESULTS

1. All groups showed significant 1RM increases, with HIRT and BFRT-P superior BFRT-F. 2) HIRT significantly improved isokinetic muscle strength indicators, including peak torque of shoulder, elbow joints, and trunk and back muscle groups, compared with BFRT-F and, in some measurements, BFRT-P. BFRT-P also significantly increased peak torque compared to BFRT-F. BFRT-F demonstrated significant gains in peak torque for multiple joint flexors and extensors. 3) Muscle circumference increased significantly in HIRT and BFRT-P groups, with the highest gain in HIRT. 4) Only HIRT and BFRT-P significantly increased muscle mass, with HIRT demonstrating the highest growth in both arms.

CONCLUSION

The efficacy hierarchy was HIRT > BFRT-P > BFRT-F. While HIRT is optimal for strength and hypertrophy, BFRT-P is a viable alternative for individuals contraindicated to high-intensity training.