A metal-organic framework neuron.

The demand for deep human-machine fusion propels the development of artificial neurons. However, emulating the neuronal spiking in aqueous environments remains challenging. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently shown promise in neuromorphic engineering compatible with aqueous operation. Here, we report a MOF neuron with real neurotransmitter-dopamine (DA)-tunable spikes for the first time. Based on the DA mediation, some sophisticated neuronal functions, including integration-and-firing, synaptic facilitation-induced spike broadening and DA-tunable spiking number and width, were mimicked. DA-mediated spikes in this MOF neuron were further implemented to exquisitely control peripheral equipment. This work introduces the concept of a MOF neuron interfaced with a real neurotransmitter in fluids, providing a new perspective for artificial neuron development.