Ramola Ayushman, Shakya Amit Kumar, Kumar Vinay, Bergman Arik
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, G.L. Bajaj Institute of Technology & Management, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida 201306, India.
Micromachines (Basel). 2025 Jun 25;16(7):747. doi: 10.3390/mi16070747.
This article presents a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based sensors, with a particular focus on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon for biosensing. With their ability to modify core and cladding structures, PCFs offer exceptional control over light guidance, dispersion management, and light confinement, making them highly suitable for applications in refractive index (RI) sensing, biomedical imaging, and nonlinear optical phenomena such as fiber tapering and supercontinuum generation. SPR is a highly sensitive optical phenomenon, which is widely integrated with PCFs to enhance detection performance through strong plasmonic interactions at metal-dielectric interfaces. The combination of PCF and SPR technologies has led to the development of innovative sensor geometries, including D-shaped fibers, slotted-air-hole structures, and internal external metal coatings, each optimized for specific sensing goals. These PCF-SPR-based sensors have shown promising results in detecting biomolecular targets such as excess cholesterol, glucose, cancer cells, DNA, and proteins. Furthermore, this review provides an in-depth analysis of key design parameters, plasmonic materials, and sensor models used in PCF-SPR configurations, highlighting their comparative performance metrics and application prospects in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and chemical analysis. Thus, an exhaustive analysis of various sensing parameters, plasmonic materials, and sensor models used in PCF-SPR sensors is presented and explored in this article.
本文全面概述了基于光子晶体光纤（PCF）的传感器的最新进展，特别关注用于生物传感的表面等离子体共振（SPR）现象。由于能够改变纤芯和包层结构，光子晶体光纤在光导、色散管理和光限制方面具有出色的控制能力，使其非常适合用于折射率（RI）传感、生物医学成像以及诸如光纤锥形化和超连续谱产生等非线性光学现象的应用。表面等离子体共振是一种高度敏感的光学现象，它与光子晶体光纤广泛集成，通过金属 - 电介质界面处的强等离子体相互作用来提高检测性能。光子晶体光纤和表面等离子体共振技术的结合导致了创新的传感器几何结构的发展，包括D形光纤、带隙气孔结构和内外金属涂层，每种结构都针对特定的传感目标进行了优化。这些基于光子晶体光纤 - 表面等离子体共振的传感器在检测生物分子目标，如过量胆固醇、葡萄糖、癌细胞、DNA和蛋白质方面已显示出有前景的结果。此外，本综述深入分析了光子晶体光纤 - 表面等离子体共振配置中使用的关键设计参数、等离子体材料和传感器模型，突出了它们在医学诊断、环境监测和化学分析中的比较性能指标和应用前景。因此，本文对光子晶体光纤 - 表面等离子体共振传感器中使用的各种传感参数、等离子体材料和传感器模型进行了详尽的分析和探讨。
