The skin, a complex ecosystem, hosts diverse microorganisms that interact with the immune system and influence physiological processes. This study investigates the effects of Bifidobacterium, isolated from skin microbiota, on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) production, with implications for alleviating various human ailments. In compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards, a systematic search of the online bibliographic database PubMed from its launch until January 2025 was carried out. There were 267 papers that qualified for inclusion. Traditionally recognized for gut health, Bifidobacterium has also shown potential in modulating skin health and metabolic functions by stimulating GLP-1 secretion. GLP-1 plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels, promoting DNA repair, and exhibiting neuroprotective effects, thereby addressing oxidative stress and cellular senescence. In INS-1 pancreatic beta cells, GLP-1 treatment reduced the oxidative damage caused by tert-butyl hydroperoxide. GLP-1-treated cells showed increased glutathione cellular concentrations and the activity of its related enzymes, including glutathione reductase and peroxidase. The cAMP-mediated PKA/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway also contributes to the regulation of antioxidant enzymes, which in turn aids in the prevention of skin aging. Recent findings suggest that Bifidobacterium also enhances glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, indicating therapeutic potential for diabetes management. Additionally, the integration of advanced technologies, such as genetic engineering and artificial intelligence, is paving the way for personalized probiotic therapies and innovative skincare solutions, highlighting Bifidobacterium's multifaceted therapeutic potential in enhancing human well-being.