Kumar Rahul, Keshri Kunal, Gupta Ankit
International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India.
Department of Migration and Urban Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Aug 22;25(1):2882. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-23590-7.
Being a primary contributor to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), Hypertension is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Globally, around 4 billion people were estimated to have hypertension in 2019, resulting in 10 million deaths. However, the present study has been designed to explore hypertension awareness, control, and treatment dimensions in India.
DATA & METHODS: Data were drawn from 1,551,191 respondents from the fifth round of India's National Family Health Survey. Hypertension, by the World Health Organization, is defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg. The binary Logistic regression statistical method is employed to analyze the data, and the geospatial method-spatial autocorrelation has been used to explore the spatial relationship between variables of hypertension and spatial units.
The results show a positive correlation between higher wealth position, urban residency, male gender, older age, and higher education levels with better knowledge and treatment of hypertension. On the other hand, people from worse socioeconomic origins, those living in rural areas, and members of particular social and religious groups have lower awareness and treatment levels. The findings also show that urban males are more likely to have managed hypertension, indicating that socioeconomic and geographic factors play a major role in the management of hypertension.
The study's results highlight the urgent need for focused public health initiatives to address hypertension knowledge, management, and treatment differences. Better access to healthcare is necessary for the efficient management of hypertension, especially in underserved areas and among lower socioeconomic groups. Furthermore, public health initiatives should emphasize raising awareness and improving treatment compliance, drawing on information from socioeconomic and spatial assessments to guide the creation of policies and programs.
高血压是心血管疾病（CVDs）的主要促成因素，是全球发病和死亡的主要原因。2019年，全球估计约有40亿人患有高血压，导致1000万人死亡。然而，本研究旨在探索印度高血压的知晓、控制和治疗情况。
数据来自印度第五轮全国家庭健康调查的1551191名受访者。世界卫生组织将高血压定义为收缩压（SBP）≥140 mmHg和/或舒张压（DBP）≥90 mmHg。采用二元逻辑回归统计方法分析数据，并使用地理空间方法——空间自相关来探索高血压变量与空间单元之间的空间关系。
结果显示，较高的财富地位、城市居住、男性性别、较高年龄和较高教育水平与更好的高血压知识和治疗呈正相关。另一方面，社会经济背景较差的人、农村地区居民以及特定社会和宗教群体的成员知晓率和治疗水平较低。研究结果还表明，城市男性更有可能控制高血压，这表明社会经济和地理因素在高血压管理中起主要作用。
该研究结果凸显了采取有针对性的公共卫生举措以解决高血压知识、管理和治疗差异的迫切需求。更好地获得医疗保健对于有效管理高血压至关重要，尤其是在服务不足的地区和社会经济地位较低的群体中。此外，公共卫生举措应强调提高认识和改善治疗依从性，利用社会经济和空间评估信息来指导政策和项目的制定。
