Hsu Wen-Chieh, Cha Tao-Yu, Yao Yu-Chin, Kang Chien-Ming, Wu Sheng-Han, Mine Yuichi, Tseng Chien-Fu, Lee I-Ta, Lin Dan-Jae, Peng Tzu-Yu
School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
J Funct Biomater. 2025 Aug 7;16(8):288. doi: 10.3390/jfb16080288.
Zirconia is used widely for high-precision custom abutments; however, stress concentration can compromise osseointegration. Although glass-ceramic spray deposition (GCSD) can enhance the surface properties of zirconia, its biological effects remain unclear. In this study, the biological responses of human osteoblast-like (MG-63) cells to GCSD-modified zirconia surfaces were evaluated to assess the potential application in zirconia abutments. Disk-shaped zirconia and titanium alloy samples were prepared; titanium served as the control (Ti). Zirconia was subjected to polishing (NT), airborne-particle abrasion (AB), or GCSD with (GE) or without (GC) hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching. Surface characteristics, including wettability, surface energy (SE), and surface potential (SP), were analyzed. Cytotoxicity and MG-63 cell adhesion were assessed using the PrestoBlue assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), viability staining, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Statistical analysis was performed with a significance level of 0.05. GCSD produced a dense glass-ceramic coating on the zirconia surface, which significantly enhanced hydrophilicity as indicated by reduced water contact angles and increased SE in the GC and GE groups ( < 0.05). HF etching increased SP ( < 0.05). No cytotoxicity was observed in any group. SEM, viability staining, and CLSM revealed enhanced MG-63 cell attachment on Ti and GE surfaces and the highest viability ratio in the GE group. The NT group exhibited the lowest cell attachment and viability at all time points. GCSD effectively improved zirconia abutment surface properties by enhancing hydrophilicity and promoting MG-63 cell adhesion, with biocompatibility comparable to or better than that of titanium.
氧化锆被广泛用于高精度定制基台；然而，应力集中会损害骨结合。尽管玻璃陶瓷喷涂沉积（GCSD）可以改善氧化锆的表面性能，但其生物学效应仍不清楚。在本研究中，评估了人成骨样（MG-63）细胞对GCSD修饰的氧化锆表面的生物学反应，以评估其在氧化锆基台中的潜在应用。制备了圆盘状氧化锆和钛合金样品；钛作为对照（Ti）。对氧化锆进行抛光（NT）、空气颗粒研磨（AB），或采用含（GE）或不含（GC）氢氟酸（HF）蚀刻的GCSD处理。分析了包括润湿性、表面能（SE）和表面电位（SP）在内的表面特性。使用普瑞斯托蓝检测法、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、活力染色和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）评估细胞毒性和MG-63细胞黏附。进行统计学分析，显著性水平为0.05。GCSD在氧化锆表面形成了致密的玻璃陶瓷涂层，如GC组和GE组中降低的水接触角和增加的SE所示，显著增强了亲水性（<0.05）。HF蚀刻增加了SP（<0.05）。所有组均未观察到细胞毒性。SEM、活力染色和CLSM显示，MG-63细胞在Ti和GE表面的附着增强，GE组的活力比率最高。NT组在所有时间点的细胞附着和活力均最低。GCSD通过增强亲水性和促进MG-63细胞黏附，有效改善了氧化锆基台的表面性能，其生物相容性与钛相当或优于钛。
