Zhao Zhe, Wu Xingqing, Liu Wenfeng, Zheng Lan, Tang Changfa
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China.
Microorganisms. 2025 Jul 29;13(8):1765. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13081765.
There is a growing body of research showing that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is related to enteric dysbacteriosis. Exercise can be effective in alleviating AD, but the effects that exercise has on the gut microbiota in AD patients needs to be further studied. Through this study, we aimed to investigate the differences in the diversity of gut microorganisms between AD model mice and wild-type mice and the effect that treadmill exercise has on the composition of the gut microbiota in both types of mice. C57BL/6 wild-type mice were randomly divided into a sedentary control group (WTC) and an exercise group (WTE); APP/PS1 double transgenic mice were also randomly divided into a sedentary control group (ADC) and an exercise group (ADE). After the control group remained sedentary for 12 weeks and a 12-week treadmill exercise intervention was adopted for the exercise group, the rectal contents were collected so that they could undergo V3-V4 16S rDNA sequencing, and a comparative analysis of the microbial composition and diversity was also performed. The alpha diversity of the gut microbiota in AD mice was lower than that in wild-type mice, but exercise increased the gut microbial diversity in both types of mice. At the phylum level, the dominant microorganisms in all four groups of mice were Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. There was an increase in the Bacteroidetes phylum in AD mice. Treadmill exercise reduced the abundance of Bacteroidetes in both groups of mice, whereas the abundance of Firmicutes increased. At the genus level, , the , , and were in relatively high abundance. and were in greater abundance in AD mice than in wild-type mice, but both decreased after treadmill exercise. Through performing linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), we found that the dominant strains in AD mice were , , , and other malignant bacteria, whereas exercise resulted in an increase in probiotics among the dominant strains in both types of mice. Although gut microbial diversity decreases and malignant bacteria increase in AD mice, treadmill exercise can increase gut microbial diversity and lead to the development of dominant strains of probiotics in both types of mice. These findings provide a basis for applying exercise as a treatment for AD.
越来越多的研究表明，阿尔茨海默病（AD）与肠道菌群失调有关。运动可以有效缓解AD，但运动对AD患者肠道微生物群的影响尚需进一步研究。通过本研究，我们旨在调查AD模型小鼠和野生型小鼠肠道微生物多样性的差异，以及跑步机运动对这两种类型小鼠肠道微生物群组成的影响。将C57BL/6野生型小鼠随机分为久坐对照组（WTC）和运动组（WTE）；APP/PS1双转基因小鼠也随机分为久坐对照组（ADC）和运动组（ADE）。对照组久坐12周后，运动组进行为期12周的跑步机运动干预，然后收集直肠内容物进行V3-V4 16S rDNA测序，并对微生物组成和多样性进行比较分析。AD小鼠肠道微生物群的α多样性低于野生型小鼠，但运动增加了两种类型小鼠的肠道微生物多样性。在门水平上，四组小鼠中的优势微生物均为拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门。AD小鼠中拟杆菌门有所增加。跑步机运动降低了两组小鼠中拟杆菌门的丰度，而厚壁菌门的丰度增加。在属水平上， 、 和 丰度相对较高。 和 在AD小鼠中的丰度高于野生型小鼠，但在跑步机运动后均下降。通过进行线性判别分析效应大小（LEfSe），我们发现AD小鼠中的优势菌株为 、 、 等有害菌，而运动使两种类型小鼠的优势菌株中益生菌增加。虽然AD小鼠的肠道微生物多样性降低且有害菌增加，但跑步机运动可增加两种类型小鼠的肠道微生物多样性，并促使优势益生菌菌株的发展。这些发现为将运动作为AD的一种治疗方法提供了依据。
