Guo Lei, Li Falin, Jiang Lang, Du Haibo, Xue Bingjie, Yong Wei, Jiang Yuanyuan, Zhang Muzhe
Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, PLA, Beijing 100142, P. R. China.
Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 2025 Aug 25;42(4):775-781. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.202403011.
In order to solve the problems of difficult test, high cost and long cycle in the development of large-scale airborne negative pressure isolation system, the simulation analysis of negative pressure response characteristics is carried out around various aviation conditions such as aircraft ascending, leveling and descending, especially rapid decompression, based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The results showed that the isolation cabin could achieve -50 Pa pressure difference environment and form a certain pressure gradient. The exhaust air volume reached the maximum value in the early stage of the aircraft's ascent, and gradually decreased with the increase of altitude until it was level flying. In the process of aircraft descent, the exhaust fan could theoretically maintain a pressure difference far below -50 Pa without working; Under the special condition of rapid pressure loss, it was difficult to deal with the rapid change of low pressure only by the exhaust fan, so it was necessary to design safety valve and other anti-leakage measures in the isolation cabin structure. Therefore, the initial stage of aircraft ascent is the key stage for the adjustment and control of the negative pressure isolation system. By controlling the exhaust air volume and adjusting parameters, it can adapt to the change of low pressure under normal flight conditions, form a relatively stable negative pressure environment, and meet the needs of biological control, isolation and transport.
为解决大型机载负压隔离系统研制中测试难、成本高、周期长等问题，基于计算流体动力学（CFD）方法，围绕飞机上升、平飞、下降等各种航空工况，特别是快速减压工况，开展了负压响应特性的仿真分析。结果表明，隔离舱可实现-50 Pa压差环境并形成一定压力梯度。排气量在飞机上升初期达到最大值，并随高度增加逐渐减小直至平飞。在飞机下降过程中，理论上排气扇不工作时可维持远低于-50 Pa的压差；在压力快速损失的特殊情况下，仅靠排气扇难以应对低压的快速变化，因此需在隔离舱结构中设计安全阀等防泄漏措施。所以，飞机上升初期是负压隔离系统调节控制的关键阶段。通过控制排气量和调整参数，可适应正常飞行工况下低压的变化，形成相对稳定的负压环境，满足生物控制、隔离和运输需求。
