A surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based sensing platform is devised integrating a TMB redox system for rapid dopamine detection. Gold nanobipyramids (Au NBPs), synthesized via the heat-mediated seed-mediated growth method, possess dual functionality of peroxidase-like activity and SERS activity. This enables them to catalyze the oxidation of TMB and simultaneously amplify the Raman signal of the oxidized TMB product (oxTMB). Whereas, the phenolic hydroxyl groups within the dopamine structure reduce oxTMB, leading to a decrease in its Raman signal. By utilizing the change in signal intensity during the TMB redox process, a quantitative detection model for DA was successfully established. Experimental results demonstrate that this sensing platform exhibits a good linear response (R = 0.997) within the concentration range 1 nM to 10 μM, with a detection limit of 1 nM. It also displays significant anti-interference capabilities against various common interferents such as Na, K, Cl and glucose. In the detection of spiked athlete serum samples, recoveries ranged from 81.24% to 109.98%. This rapid DA detection strategy provides a novel technical approach for the rapid assessment of physiological functional status and demonstrates significant application prospects.