Zhang Junhuan, Zhang Meiling, Yu Wenjian, Jiang Fengchao, Yang Li, Ling Juanjuan, Sun Haoyuan
Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
Apricot Engineering and Technology Research Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100093, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Sep 5;26(17):8667. doi: 10.3390/ijms26178667.
Apricot ( L.) exhibits a gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) system. To identify the -genotypes of the main apricot cultivars, including 133 native Chinese cultivars and 35 foreign accessions, PCR was performed using a combination of five primers based on the conserved regions of genes. After cloning and sequencing the PCR products, the -genotypes of all 168 apricot cultivars were determined. A total of 46 different alleles, with 15 new alleles, were identified. For all 168 accessions, the top five most frequent were , , , , and . , , and were the most frequent in Chinese cultivars, and , , and were mostly found in European accessions. For Chinese apricot cultivars, the distribution of among five geographic regions was also investigated. In Northwest China, was the most frequent . In the Xinjiang region, , , and were the top three most frequent . In North China, , , and were the top three most frequent . In addition, the self-compatible type, , was not detected in these 133 Chinese accessions. Finally, the phylogenetic tree of apricot indicated that there are four groups of genes (/, //, //, and /) presenting a very close relation. These results provide more data on the -genotypes of apricot accessions, which can support future breeding programs by aiding in the selection of the appropriate parents and contributing to efficient orchard design by combining cultivars with suitable pollinizers.
杏（L.）表现出配子体自交不亲和（GSI）系统。为了鉴定包括133个中国本土品种和35个国外种质在内的主要杏品种的基因型，基于基因的保守区域，使用五种引物组合进行了PCR。对PCR产物进行克隆和测序后，确定了所有168个杏品种的基因型。共鉴定出46个不同的等位基因，其中15个为新等位基因。对于所有168份种质，最常见的前五个等位基因是、、、和。、和在中国品种中最常见，而、和在欧洲种质中最常见。对于中国杏品种，还研究了等位基因在五个地理区域的分布情况。在中国西北地区，是最常见的等位基因。在新疆地区，、和是最常见的前三位。在中国北方，、和是最常见的前三位。此外，在这133份中国种质中未检测到自交亲和类型。最后，杏的系统发育树表明有四组基因（/、//、//和/）呈现出非常密切的关系。这些结果提供了更多关于杏种质基因型的数据，可通过帮助选择合适的亲本支持未来的育种计划，并通过将品种与合适的授粉品种组合来促进高效果园设计。
