Liu Xinyi, Xie Jin, Zhou Ziren, Lian Huijun, Sui Xinyuan, Li Qing, Lin Miaoyu, Liu Da, Yuan Haiyang, Gao Feng, Wu Yongzhen, Yang Hua Gui, Yang Shuang, Hou Yu
Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Nanomicro Lett. 2025 Sep 15;18(1):67. doi: 10.1007/s40820-025-01923-w.
The solution processibility of perovskites provides a cost-effective and high-throughput route for fabricating state-of-the-art solar cells. However, the fast kinetics of precursor-to-perovskite transformation is susceptible to processing conditions, resulting in an uncontrollable variance in device performance. Here, we demonstrate a supramolecule confined approach to reproducibly fabricate perovskite films with an ultrasmooth, electronically homogeneous surface. The assembly of a calixarene capping layer on precursor surface can induce host-guest interactions with solvent molecules to tailor the desolvation kinetics, and initiate the perovskite crystallization from the sharp molecule-precursor interface. These combined effects significantly reduced the spatial variance and extended the processing window of perovskite films. As a result, the standard efficiency deviations of device-to-device and batch-to-batch devices were reduced from 0.64-0.26% to 0.67-0.23%, respectively. In addition, the perovskite films with ultrasmooth top surfaces exhibited photoluminescence quantum yield > 10% and surface recombination velocities < 100 cm s for both interfaces that yielded p-i-n structured solar cells with power conversion efficiency over 25%.
钙钛矿的溶液可加工性为制造先进的太阳能电池提供了一种经济高效且高通量的途径。然而，前驱体到钙钛矿转变的快速动力学易受加工条件影响，导致器件性能出现不可控的差异。在此，我们展示了一种超分子限制方法，可重复性地制备具有超光滑、电子均匀表面的钙钛矿薄膜。杯芳烃封端层在前驱体表面的组装可诱导与溶剂分子的主客体相互作用，以调整去溶剂化动力学，并从尖锐的分子 - 前驱体界面引发钙钛矿结晶。这些综合效应显著降低了钙钛矿薄膜的空间差异，并扩展了其加工窗口。结果，器件间和批次间器件的标准效率偏差分别从0.64 - 0.26%降至0.67 - 0.23%。此外，具有超光滑顶面的钙钛矿薄膜在两个界面上均表现出光致发光量子产率>10%和表面复合速度<100 cm s，这使得p-i-n结构的太阳能电池功率转换效率超过25%。
