Paolinelli João Pedro Vasconcelos, de Alencar Taiana, Rocha Kérilin Stancine Santos, Pereira Mariana Linhares, Dos Santos Júnior Genival Araujo
Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Services and Policies, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre-ES, Brazil.
Laboratory of Innovation for Healthcare (Linc). Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Assistance (PPGASFAR), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
J Eval Clin Pract. 2025 Sep;31(6):e70285. doi: 10.1111/jep.70285.
The implementation of Clinical Pharmacy Services in healthcare systems is multifactorial and complex. Some studies summarize the implementation research of these services in both outpatient and inpatient contexts. However, the literature lacks a comprehensive synthesis to understand how the implementation process occurs in Primary Health Care.
To map, at an international level, the studies on the implementation of Clinical Pharmacy Services in Primary Health Care.
This scoping review followed the recommendations of the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis for Scoping Reviews. A systematic search was conducted in May 2023 across six electronic databases, grey literature, and the references of the selected studies. Original studies that described the implementation process of Clinical Pharmacy Services in Primary Health Care were eligible for inclusion. Two researchers independently assessed the studies based on eligibility criteria and extracted data from the selected articles. Data were presented descriptively.
A total of 97 studies were included, with 85.6% (n = 83) conducted in developed countries. A significant emphasis was observed on qualitative and mixed-methods research, accounting for 46.4% (n = 45) of the studies. Only 22.7% (n = 22) of the studies utilized theoretical models as research guides, while 96.9% (n = 94), did not report on the implementation phase. Comprehensive Medication Management (36.8%, n = 35) was the most cited type of service. The most assessed implementation outcome was feasibility, at 73.2% (n = 71). A total of 47.4% (n = 46) assessed outcomes related to the implemented service, which included clinical, economic, and/or humanistic aspects.
This study revealed numerous publications on the implementation of clinical services provided by pharmacists in primary care. These findings can guide future research on the implementation of these services and highlight the need for developing and underdeveloped countries to explore this topic further.
医疗保健系统中临床药学服务的实施是多因素且复杂的。一些研究总结了这些服务在门诊和住院环境中的实施研究。然而，文献中缺乏全面的综合分析来了解初级卫生保健中实施过程是如何发生的。
在国际层面上梳理初级卫生保健中临床药学服务实施的研究。
本范围综述遵循JBI循证综合手册中范围综述的建议。2023年5月在六个电子数据库、灰色文献以及所选研究的参考文献中进行了系统检索。描述初级卫生保健中临床药学服务实施过程的原始研究符合纳入条件。两名研究人员根据纳入标准独立评估研究，并从所选文章中提取数据。数据采用描述性呈现。
共纳入97项研究，其中85.6%（n = 83）在发达国家进行。观察到对定性和混合方法研究有显著侧重，占研究的46.4%（n = 45）。只有22.7%（n = 22）的研究使用理论模型作为研究指南，而96.9%（n = 94）的研究未报告实施阶段。综合药物管理（36.8%，n = 35）是被引用最多的服务类型。评估最多的实施结果是可行性，占73.2%（n = 71）。共有47.4%（n = 46）评估了与实施服务相关的结果，包括临床、经济和/或人文方面。
本研究揭示了众多关于初级保健中药剂师提供临床服务实施情况的出版物。这些发现可为这些服务实施的未来研究提供指导，并凸显发达国家和发展中国家进一步探索该主题的必要性。
