Yoo Shinnam, Seo Chang Wan, Lim Young Woon
School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Biodiversity, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
Microbiome. 2026 Feb 4;14(1):58. doi: 10.1186/s40168-025-02329-x.
Tricholoma matsutake (TM), a prized wild mushroom in Eurasia, hosts distinct microbiomes in its mycorrhizal zone (shiro), with some microbes known to benefit TM. However, no study has systematically compared shiro-inhabiting microbiomes across multiple studies from either taxonomic or functional perspectives.
We first compiled bacterial and fungal amplicon sequences from public and newly generated datasets, then applied phylogenetic tree-based clustering to integrate technically heterogeneous sequences. This enabled the identification of core microbial phylotypes conserved in shiro from geographically diverse regions. We also revealed niche-specific phylotypes within the shiro, distinguishing those associated with soil, TM-colonized root, and fruitbody, thereby demonstrating clear niche differentiation. Functional predictions and experimental validation highlighted key roles of the microbes in degradation of aromatic compounds, utilization of plant-derived compounds, and fruitbody development.
Our cross-study integration of shiro microbial sequences identified core and niche-specific phylotypes with distinct ecological roles. This study lays a foundation for advancing ecological research and cultivation strategies for TM.
松茸（TM）是欧亚大陆一种珍贵的野生蘑菇，其菌根区（菌塘）拥有独特的微生物群落，已知一些微生物对松茸有益。然而，尚无研究从分类学或功能角度对多项研究中的菌塘栖息微生物群落进行系统比较。
我们首先从公共和新生成的数据集中收集细菌和真菌扩增子序列，然后应用基于系统发育树的聚类方法来整合技术上异质的序列。这使得能够识别在来自不同地理区域的菌塘中保守的核心微生物系统型。我们还揭示了菌塘内特定生态位的系统型，区分了与土壤、被松茸定殖的根和子实体相关的系统型，从而证明了明显的生态位分化。功能预测和实验验证突出了微生物在芳香化合物降解、植物源化合物利用和子实体发育中的关键作用。
我们对菌塘微生物序列的跨研究整合确定了具有不同生态作用的核心和特定生态位系统型。本研究为推进松茸的生态研究和栽培策略奠定了基础。
