Brazier J L, Renaud H, Ribon B, Salle B L
Arch Dis Child. 1979 Mar;54(3):194-9. doi: 10.1136/adc.54.3.194.
The use of theophylline in the management of apnoea in the newborn was studied in 33 preterm infants. Infants received a dose of 3 mg/kg, 13 of them every six hours, the remaining 20 every eight hours. All the infants had significantly fewer apnoeic episodes. In a pharmacokinetic study, the half life of theophylline was 30.3 +/- 7.2 hours and the clearance rate was 23.9 +/- 5.06 ml/kg per hour (means and SD). The plasma theophylline level remained constant at between 13 and 15 mg/l from the 5th day of treatment but, at the same time, the plasma levels of caffeine rose to a mean level of 4.4 mg/l. Caffeine was detectable in plasma at birth, and in preterm infants not receiving theophylline; plasma levels of caffeine tended to be similar to the levels in their mothers' milk. These observations have led to clear conclusions on the optimum timing and dosage of theophylline, and on the need to monitor plasma levels of both theophylline and caffeine in newborn infants treated with theophylline.
对33名早产儿使用氨茶碱治疗新生儿呼吸暂停进行了研究。婴儿接受3毫克/千克的剂量，其中13名每6小时给药一次，其余20名每8小时给药一次。所有婴儿的呼吸暂停发作次数均显著减少。在一项药代动力学研究中，氨茶碱的半衰期为30.3±7.2小时，清除率为23.9±5.06毫升/千克每小时（均值和标准差）。从治疗第5天起，血浆氨茶碱水平维持在13至15毫克/升之间，但与此同时，血浆咖啡因水平升至平均4.4毫克/升。出生时在血浆中可检测到咖啡因，未接受氨茶碱治疗的早产儿中也是如此；血浆咖啡因水平往往与母乳中的水平相似。这些观察结果对氨茶碱的最佳给药时间和剂量，以及对接受氨茶碱治疗的新生儿监测血浆氨茶碱和咖啡因水平的必要性得出了明确结论。
