Youmans A S, Youmans G P
J Bacteriol. 1967 Oct;94(4):836-43. doi: 10.1128/jb.94.4.836-843.1967.
Several emulsified and two nonemulsified incomplete adjuvants were examined for their adjuvant activity by use of mycobacterial ribosomal fractions as a substrate. A good adjuvant is defined as one which produces a high immunological response with the ribosomal fraction in mice to infection with virulent tubercle bacilli. Freund's incomplete adjuvant, consisting of Aquaphor and heavy mineral oil, and Arlacel A plus hexadecane were the best adjuvants tested. Aquaphor plus light mineral oil and Arlacel A plus 7-n-hexyloctadecane were not quite as effective. Peanut oil was not satisfactory when emulsified with either Aquaphor or Arlacel A. A moderate degree of immunity was produced in mice vaccinated with ribosomal fraction mixed with aluminum hydroxide gel. Sodium alginate mixed with ribosomal fraction produced a low degree of immunity only with the highest vaccinating dose. It was found that the effectiveness of the emulsified type of adjuvant depended upon the method of preparation. Careful standardization of technique to produce uniform and complete emulsification was essential for maximal adjuvant activity using minimal vaccinating doses. A rapid and practical method of preparing emulsified adjuvants is given. The mode of action of incomplete adjuvants as employed in these experiments is discussed, and it is thought that they acted primarily by protecting the ribosomes from being inactivated by host ribonuclease before they were engulfed by the macrophages.
以分枝杆菌核糖体组分作为底物，对几种乳化型和两种非乳化型不完全佐剂的佐剂活性进行了检测。良好的佐剂定义为在小鼠中能使核糖体组分对强毒结核杆菌感染产生高免疫反应的佐剂。由凡士林和重质矿物油组成的弗氏不完全佐剂，以及阿拉塞尔A加十六烷是所测试的最佳佐剂。凡士林加轻质矿物油和阿拉塞尔A加7 -正己基十八烷的效果稍差。花生油与凡士林或阿拉塞尔A乳化时效果不佳。用核糖体组分与氢氧化铝凝胶混合给小鼠接种可产生中等程度的免疫。海藻酸钠与核糖体组分混合仅在最高接种剂量时产生低程度的免疫。发现乳化型佐剂的有效性取决于制备方法。为了使用最小接种剂量获得最大佐剂活性，对技术进行仔细标准化以产生均匀且完全的乳化是必不可少的。给出了一种快速实用的制备乳化佐剂的方法。讨论了这些实验中使用的不完全佐剂的作用方式，认为它们主要通过在核糖体被巨噬细胞吞噬之前保护其不被宿主核糖核酸酶灭活而起作用。
