Watanabe K, Hakomori S I
J Exp Med. 1976 Sep 1;144(3):644-53. doi: 10.1084/jem.144.3.644.
Blood group ABH determinants in human erythrocytes are carried by four kinds of glycolipid carbohydrate chains, differing in their structural complexity. They are Aa, Ab, Ac, and Ad for A variants, and H1, H2, H3, and H4 for H variants (Table I and Fig 1). Based on the surface labeling of A variants and on the reactivity of erythrocytes to antibodies directed against H3 and against its degradation products, it is concluded that complex variants of A or H determinants (Ac and Ad/or H3 and H4) are absent or significantly low in fetal erythrocytes (80-150 days after gestation) and in new born erythrocytes, whereas these complex structures are fully developed in adult erythrocytes. In contrast, A determinants linked to simpler carbohydrate chains (Aa, Ab variants) are fully developed before birth and do not show significant change after birth. The precursor of blood group carbohydrate chains seems to be abundant in fetal or newborn erythrocytes. This assumption is based on the higher reactivity of fetal or newborn erythrocytes to an antibody, which is directed against the precursor N-acetylglucosaminly beta1 leads to 3 galactosyl beta1 leads to 4 glucosylceramide than in adult erythorocytes. Reactions of glycolipids of gastrointestinal mucosa, with antibodies directed against H3 glycolipid and its degradation products, were compared to that of gastrointestinal tumors. The reaction to bela Glc NAc1 leads to 3 beta Gall leads to 4 Glc leads to ceramide (structure 4), which is the precursor of all blood group glycolipids, was consistently high in many cases of tumor glycolipid than that of normal glycolipid. This as well as other evidence supports a general concept that the process of ontogenesis of a blood group carbohydrate chain occurs as step-by-step elongation and arborization, and that blocking of such a development of a carbohydrate chain occurs in the process of oncogenesis.
人类红细胞中的ABH血型决定簇由四种糖脂碳水化合物链携带，它们的结构复杂性各不相同。A变体有Aa、Ab、Ac和Ad，H变体有H1、H2、H3和H4（表I和图1）。基于A变体的表面标记以及红细胞对针对H3及其降解产物的抗体的反应性，得出结论：A或H决定簇的复杂变体（Ac和Ad/或H3和H4）在胎儿红细胞（妊娠80 - 150天后）和新生儿红细胞中不存在或显著减少，而这些复杂结构在成人红细胞中已完全发育。相比之下，与较简单碳水化合物链相连的A决定簇（Aa、Ab变体）在出生前就已完全发育，出生后没有显著变化。血型碳水化合物链的前体在胎儿或新生儿红细胞中似乎很丰富。这一假设基于胎儿或新生儿红细胞对一种抗体的更高反应性，该抗体针对前体N - 乙酰葡糖胺β1→3半乳糖基β1→4葡糖神经酰胺，其反应性高于成人红细胞。将胃肠道黏膜糖脂与针对H3糖脂及其降解产物的抗体的反应与胃肠道肿瘤的反应进行了比较。在许多肿瘤糖脂病例中，对βGlc NAc1→3βGal→4Glc→ceramide（结构4）的反应，即所有血型糖脂的前体，始终高于正常糖脂。这以及其他证据支持了一个普遍概念，即血型碳水化合物链的个体发生过程是逐步延长和分支的，并且在肿瘤发生过程中会出现碳水化合物链这种发育的阻断。
