Bantle J P, Laine D C, Castle G W, Thomas J W, Hoogwerf B J, Goetz F C
N Engl J Med. 1983 Jul 7;309(1):7-12. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198307073090102.
To examine whether the form of dietary carbohydrate influences glucose and insulin responses, we studied the glucose and insulin responses to five meals--each containing a different form of carbohydrate but all with nearly identical amounts of total carbohydrate, protein, and fat--in 10 healthy subjects, 12 patients with Type I diabetes, and 10 patients with Type II diabetes. The test carbohydrates were glucose, fructose, sucrose, potato starch, and wheat starch. In all three groups, the meal containing sucrose as the test carbohydrate did not produce significantly greater peak increments in the plasma concentration of glucose or greater increments in the area under the plasma glucose-response curves than did meals containing potato, wheat, or glucose as test carbohydrates. Urinary excretion of glucose in patients with diabetes was not significantly greater after the sucrose meal. The meal containing fructose as the test carbohydrate produced the smallest increments in plasma glucose levels, but the differences were not always statistically significant. In healthy subjects and patients with Type II diabetes, peak serum concentrations of insulin were not significantly different in response to the five test carbohydrates. Our data do not support the view that dietary sucrose, when consumed as part of a meal, aggravates postprandial hyperglycemia.
为了研究膳食碳水化合物的形式是否会影响葡萄糖和胰岛素反应，我们对10名健康受试者、12名I型糖尿病患者和10名II型糖尿病患者进行了研究，观察他们对五餐食物的葡萄糖和胰岛素反应，每餐食物含有不同形式的碳水化合物，但总碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪的含量几乎相同。测试用的碳水化合物有葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、马铃薯淀粉和小麦淀粉。在所有三组中，以蔗糖作为测试碳水化合物的餐食，与以马铃薯、小麦或葡萄糖作为测试碳水化合物的餐食相比，在血浆葡萄糖浓度上并未产生显著更高的峰值增量，在血浆葡萄糖反应曲线下的面积增量也没有更大。糖尿病患者在食用含蔗糖餐食后，尿糖排泄量并没有显著增加。以果糖作为测试碳水化合物的餐食在血浆葡萄糖水平上产生的增量最小，但差异并不总是具有统计学意义。在健康受试者和II型糖尿病患者中，对五种测试碳水化合物的反应，胰岛素的血清峰值浓度没有显著差异。我们的数据不支持这样的观点，即膳食蔗糖作为餐食的一部分食用时会加重餐后高血糖。
