Allred C D, Hill H R
Infect Immun. 1978 Mar;19(3):833-8. doi: 10.1128/iai.19.3.833-838.1978.
Upon ingestion of particulate matter, polymorphonuclear leukocytes produce a chemiluminescence that can be measured in a liquid scintillation counter. In the experiments reported here, the influence of three chemoattractants and three chemotactic modulators upon the chemiluminescence induced by opsonized zymosan was studied. The chemoattractants investigated (including bacterial factor derived from Escherichia coli, the simple peptide formylmethionylalanine, and activated human complement), which initiate directed movement when presented to cells in a concentration gradient, significantly enhanced zymosan-induced chemiluminescence. In the absence of opsonized zymosan, however, they had no effect on the chemiluminescence response. In contrast, the chemotactic modulators studied (including carbamylcholine, phenylephrine, and cyclic guanosine 5'-monophosphate, which are not chemotactic by themselves but can enhance or depress the movement of polymorphonuclear leukocytes initiated by chemoattractants) produced no enhancement of chemiluminescence. Other experiments were carried out in which neutrophils were pretreated with cytochalasin D, a compound that inhibits phagocytosis by interacting with microfilaments. Under these conditions, the chemiluminescence induced by opsonized zymosan was markedly reduced, but the response resulting from the addition of a chemoattractant to the leukocyte/zymosan mixture was not. This indicates that the chemiluminescence in response to chemoattractants is not dependent on phagocytosis per se. Neutrophils were also pretreated with dinitrofluorobenzene, a compound that binds amino groups and can be expected to react with proteins on the cell membrane. In these experiments, the chemiluminescence induced by opsonized zymosan and the pronounced spike of activity produced by the addition of a chemoattractant were completely abolished. These results suggest that the polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemiluminescence response to chemoattractants is mediated by cell surface proteins. Thus, chemoattractants may have a dual role in the acute inflammatory response: (i) the initiation and maintenance of directed cell movement, and (ii) enhancement of metabolic steps mediated at the cell membrane, resulting in microbicidal activity.
摄入颗粒物后，多形核白细胞会产生一种可在液体闪烁计数器中测量的化学发光现象。在本文报道的实验中，研究了三种趋化剂和三种趋化调节剂对调理酵母聚糖诱导的化学发光的影响。所研究的趋化剂（包括源自大肠杆菌的细菌因子、简单肽甲酰甲硫氨酰丙氨酸和活化的人补体），当以浓度梯度呈现给细胞时会引发定向运动，显著增强了酵母聚糖诱导的化学发光。然而，在没有调理酵母聚糖的情况下，它们对化学发光反应没有影响。相比之下，所研究的趋化调节剂（包括卡巴胆碱、去氧肾上腺素和环鸟苷5'-单磷酸，它们本身不是趋化剂，但可增强或抑制趋化剂引发的多形核白细胞运动）并未增强化学发光。还进行了其他实验，其中用细胞松弛素D预处理中性粒细胞，细胞松弛素D是一种通过与微丝相互作用来抑制吞噬作用的化合物。在这些条件下，调理酵母聚糖诱导的化学发光明显降低，但向白细胞/酵母聚糖混合物中添加趋化剂所产生的反应并未降低。这表明对趋化剂的化学发光反应本身并不依赖于吞噬作用。中性粒细胞也用二硝基氟苯进行预处理，二硝基氟苯是一种结合氨基并预期会与细胞膜上的蛋白质发生反应的化合物。在这些实验中，调理酵母聚糖诱导的化学发光以及添加趋化剂所产生的明显活性峰值完全消失。这些结果表明，多形核白细胞对趋化剂的化学发光反应是由细胞表面蛋白介导的。因此，趋化剂在急性炎症反应中可能具有双重作用：（i）启动和维持定向细胞运动，以及（ii）增强在细胞膜介导的代谢步骤，从而产生杀菌活性。
