Nelson R D, Herron M J, Schmidtke J R, Simmons R L
Infect Immun. 1977 Sep;17(3):513-20. doi: 10.1128/iai.17.3.513-520.1977.
Light-producing reactions have been reported to occur after phagocytosis of opsonized particles by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes. Such chemiluminescence appears to be related to the generation of singlet oxygen, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals, which have also been implicated as microbicidal agents. In examining the influences of various medium components on leukocyte chemiluminescence, we have observed that the amount of light measured is increased by addition of soluble protein, the amino acids tyrosine and tryptophane, or excess zymosan to the reaction medium. These agents appear to produce their effect not by increasing the rate of phagocytosis, but by providing substrate for secondary light-producing reactions. Polystyrene particles do not provide a suitable substrate for such secondary light-producing reactions. This is evidenced by the failure of ingested latex to stimulate high levels of chemiluminescence in the cellular system and their failure to augment light production in two noncellular chemiluminescent reactions. Some of the light generated in the cellular chemiluminescence response may derive from secondary reactions, which occur outside of the phagocyte. Support for this phenomenon is provided by two experiments. In one, addition of supplementary, nonopsonized zymosan to the reaction, after phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan is complete, resulted in an increased level of chemiluminescence. In another, addition of nonopsonized zymosan, together with latex particles, resulted in a significant increase in chemiluminescence. The results of the latter experiment also support our hypothesis that latex does not provide an appropriate substrate for secondary light-producing reactions. These observations suggest that leukocytes activated by phagocytosis generate electronically activated radicals which act intra- and extracellularly and that the amino acids tyrosine and trytophane may provide one substrate through which these agents act.
据报道，人多形核中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和单核细胞吞噬调理素化颗粒后会发生发光反应。这种化学发光似乎与单线态氧、超氧阴离子和羟基自由基的产生有关，这些物质也被认为是杀微生物剂。在研究各种培养基成分对白细胞化学发光的影响时，我们观察到，向反应培养基中添加可溶性蛋白质、氨基酸酪氨酸和色氨酸或过量的酵母聚糖会增加测得的光量。这些物质似乎不是通过增加吞噬作用的速率来产生作用，而是通过为次级发光反应提供底物来发挥作用。聚苯乙烯颗粒不能为这种次级发光反应提供合适的底物。这一点可通过以下事实得到证明：摄入的乳胶未能在细胞系统中刺激高水平的化学发光，并且在两种非细胞化学发光反应中也未能增强发光。细胞化学发光反应中产生的一些光可能来自吞噬细胞外部发生的次级反应。两项实验为这一现象提供了支持。在一项实验中，在调理素化酵母聚糖的吞噬作用完成后，向反应中添加补充的、未调理的酵母聚糖，导致化学发光水平升高。在另一项实验中，将未调理的酵母聚糖与乳胶颗粒一起添加，导致化学发光显著增加。后一项实验的结果也支持了我们的假设，即乳胶不能为次级发光反应提供合适的底物。这些观察结果表明，通过吞噬作用激活的白细胞会产生电子激活的自由基，这些自由基在细胞内和细胞外起作用，并且氨基酸酪氨酸和色氨酸可能提供了这些物质发挥作用的一种底物。
