Benowitz N L
NIDA Res Monogr. 1983;48:6-26.
In summary, the source, absorption, metabolism, and disposition kinetics of several compounds that are potential markers of tobacco smoke consumption have been reviewed. Kinetic considerations have been applied to discuss specificity and sensitivity of various compounds as markers of cigarette smoking status, usefulness as quantitative indicators of tobacco smoke consumption, and optimal time for sample collection. One cannot, however, escape the conclusion that selection of a biochemical test must be linked to the hypothesis being tested. If only smoking versus nonsmoking is being assessed, then carbon monoxide and/or thiocyanate are inexpensive measurements that provide adequate information. If self-administration of nicotine or toxic effects potentially related to nicotine exposure are being studied, then measurements of nicotine exposure and consumption are required. Measurement of blood concentration of nicotine per se is necessary to document nicotine exposure; blood concentration of cotinine may be a better measure of daily nicotine consumption. To study potentially carcinogenic effects of tobacco smoke, specific measurements of carcinogen consumption must be developed and validated.
总之，本文综述了几种可能作为烟草烟雾摄入量标志物的化合物的来源、吸收、代谢及处置动力学。已运用动力学考量来讨论各种化合物作为吸烟状态标志物的特异性和敏感性、作为烟草烟雾摄入量定量指标的实用性以及样本采集的最佳时间。然而，人们无法回避这样的结论，即生化检测的选择必须与所检验的假设相关联。如果仅评估吸烟与不吸烟情况，那么一氧化碳和/或硫氰酸盐是成本低廉的检测项目，能提供足够信息。如果正在研究尼古丁的自我给药或与尼古丁暴露潜在相关的毒性作用，那么就需要检测尼古丁暴露量和摄入量。记录尼古丁暴露情况有必要测定血液中尼古丁的浓度；可替宁的血液浓度可能是每日尼古丁摄入量的更好指标。要研究烟草烟雾的潜在致癌作用，必须开发并验证致癌物摄入量的特异性检测方法。
