Rabinowitz J C
J Gerontol. 1984 Jan;39(1):65-71. doi: 10.1093/geronj/39.1.65.
Young and old adults studied lists of A-B paired associates that were subsequently tested for both cued recall and recognition of the B items. Significant age deficits were found for both recall and recognition. The age deficit in recognition was attributed to differences in the effectiveness of the retrieval process in recognition, with no age deficit in the process of evaluating an item's familiarity. Recognition failure, the failure to recognize items that are subsequently recalled, was also observed; older adults showed a higher recognition failure rate than younger adults. These results are discussed within the context of current theories of the recognition failure phenomenon.
年轻和年长的成年人学习了A-B配对联想词表，随后对其进行线索回忆测试以及对B项的识别测试。在回忆和识别方面均发现了显著的年龄差异。识别方面的年龄差异归因于识别过程中检索效率的不同，而在评估项目熟悉度的过程中不存在年龄差异。还观察到了识别失败的情况，即未能识别出随后能被回忆起的项目；年长成年人的识别失败率高于年轻成年人。将在当前识别失败现象理论的背景下对这些结果进行讨论。
