McBurney A, Jones D A, Stanley P J, Ward J W
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1984 Jan;17(1):61-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb05000.x.
Absorption of lignocaine and bupivacaine from the upper and lower respiratory tract was studied in patients undergoing fibreoptic bronchoscopy. No significant differences were found between the drugs and between the routes of administration in terms of the time taken to achieve maximum plasma concentrations. The relative availability of lignocaine was greater following administration via the upper respiratory tract, but bupivacaine availability did not differ. The apparent clearance of lignocaine was not affected by the route of administration but bupivacaine clearance was higher following administration via the lower respiratory tract. Bupivacaine, previously unreported as a topical agent in man, produced adequate anaesthesia at one-eighth of the dose of lignocaine. Plasma bupivacaine concentrations had a very wide safety margin.
在接受纤维支气管镜检查的患者中，研究了利多卡因和布比卡因从上、下呼吸道的吸收情况。在达到最大血浆浓度所需时间方面，两种药物以及给药途径之间均未发现显著差异。利多卡因经上呼吸道给药后的相对生物利用度更高，但布比卡因的生物利用度无差异。利多卡因的表观清除率不受给药途径影响，但布比卡因经下呼吸道给药后的清除率更高。布比卡因作为一种人体局部用药此前未见报道，其产生充分麻醉效果的剂量仅为利多卡因的八分之一。血浆布比卡因浓度有非常宽的安全范围。
