Rao S M, Hammeke T A, McQuillen M P, Khatri B O, Lloyd D
Arch Neurol. 1984 Jun;41(6):625-31. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1984.04210080033010.
Forty-four patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) were compared with age- and education-matched control groups on a battery of clinical and experimental memory measures. Patients with MS performed substantially below the control groups on both immediate learning and delayed recall tasks, particularly in the retrieval of spatial information. The MS sample was subdivided into three groups using a cluster analytic procedure. One group (N = 9) performed well below expectations on memory tasks, exhibited signs of global cognitive disturbance, and had an atypical personality adjustment, characterized by irritability, social withdrawal, and apathy. A second group (N = 19) showed mild memory disturbance, associated with a greater use of psychotropic medications and a higher incidence of reactive depression. A third group (N = 16) performed normally on memory measures. The three groups of patients with MS did not differ in length or overall severity of illness.
对44例慢性进行性多发性硬化症（MS）患者与年龄和教育程度相匹配的对照组进行了一系列临床和实验性记忆测试。MS患者在即时学习和延迟回忆任务上的表现明显低于对照组，尤其是在空间信息检索方面。使用聚类分析程序将MS样本分为三组。一组（N = 9）在记忆任务上的表现远低于预期，表现出整体认知障碍的迹象，并且有非典型的人格适应问题，其特征为易怒、社交退缩和冷漠。第二组（N = 19）表现出轻度记忆障碍，与更多使用精神药物和反应性抑郁症的较高发病率相关。第三组（N = 16）在记忆测试中表现正常。这三组MS患者在病程长度或疾病总体严重程度上没有差异。
