Wild D, Nayak U S, Isaacs B
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1981 Jan 24;282(6260):266-8. doi: 10.1136/bmj.282.6260.266.
From a survey in six general practices information was obtained on 125 people aged 65 and over who fell in their own homes. Three fractured their femurs and 15 had other fractures; most of the rest suffered only trivial injuries. Twenty lay on the floor for more than one hour; none were known to have suffered hypothermia. One-quarter of these patients died within one year of the fall, five times as many as in an age- and sex-matched control group; while of those who lay on the floor for more than one hour, half died within six months of the fall. Factors associated with mortality from falls were impaired mobility, abnormal balance, and a disturbed pattern of gait. Falls at home in old age are often indicative of the presence of severe ill health.
通过对六个普通医疗机构的一项调查,获取了125名65岁及以上在自家摔倒者的信息。其中三人股骨骨折,15人有其他骨折;其余大多数人仅受轻伤。20人在地上躺了一个多小时;没有已知因体温过低而受伤的情况。这些患者中有四分之一在摔倒后一年内死亡,是年龄和性别匹配的对照组的五倍;而那些在地上躺了一个多小时的患者,有一半在摔倒后六个月内死亡。与摔倒死亡率相关的因素包括行动能力受损、平衡异常和步态紊乱。老年人在家中摔倒往往表明存在严重的健康问题。