Brogden R N, Heel R C, Speight T M, Avery G S
Drugs. 1980 Nov;20(5):325-52. doi: 10.2165/00003495-198020050-00001.
Ticarcillin is a semisynthetic penicillin for parenteral administration. The antibacterial activity of ticarcillin is similar to that of carbenicillin except that it is two to four times more active in vitro against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, generally less active against Gram-positive cocci and more active against most Gram-negative bacilli. As the pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin and carbenicillin are also similar, ticarcillin should theoretically be clinically effective when administered at a lower dosage than carbenicillin. There is some evidence that ticarcillin is comparable in efficacy with carbenicillin when given in half to two-thirds the dosage, when the drugs are given in combination with an aminoglycoside and in clinical situations where these drugs are agents of choice. Ticarcillin has been used successfully in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infection, pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis and bacteraemia and is effective when combined with an aminoglycoside in severe infections in patients with granulocytopenia. The efficacy in anaerobic infections is at present poorly documented, although preliminary results are promising. Tolerability has generally been good with hypokalaemia being the most frequently reported side effect. At the dosages used, bleeding and fluid overload have seldom occurred.
替卡西林是一种供注射用的半合成青霉素。替卡西林的抗菌活性与羧苄西林相似，不同的是它对铜绿假单胞菌的体外活性比羧苄西林强2至4倍，对革兰氏阳性球菌的活性一般较弱，对大多数革兰氏阴性杆菌的活性较强。由于替卡西林和羧苄西林的药代动力学也相似，理论上替卡西林以低于羧苄西林的剂量给药时应具有临床疗效。有证据表明，当替卡西林与氨基糖苷类药物联合使用时，以及在这些药物为首选药物的临床情况下，以羧苄西林一半至三分之二的剂量给药时，其疗效与羧苄西林相当。替卡西林已成功用于治疗复杂性尿路感染、囊性纤维化患者的肺部感染和菌血症，并且在粒细胞减少症患者的严重感染中与氨基糖苷类药物联合使用时有效。尽管初步结果很有前景，但目前替卡西林在厌氧菌感染中的疗效记录不足。总体耐受性良好，低钾血症是最常报告的副作用。在所用剂量下，很少发生出血和液体超负荷。
