Fass R J, Barnishan J
Rev Infect Dis. 1980 Nov-Dec;2(6):841-53. doi: 10.1093/clinids/2.6.841.
The animal inhibitory concentrations of 32 antimicrobial agents for 322 strains of non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli, representing 30 species and unnamed groups other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were determined in cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth with use of a microdilution method. The activities of beta-lactam antibiotics varied, but azlocillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin, cefotaxime, and moxalactam consistently were more active than were available penicillins and cephalosporins; the penicillin-like antibiotic mecillinam was less active. The activities of the aminoglycoside antibiotics were similar to each other although streptomycin and sometimes kanamycin were less active than the other aminoglycosides. Although minocycline and doxycycline usually were more active than tetracycline, the percentages of strains susceptible to the first two drugs at concentrations achievable in vivo were only occasionally higher than the percentage of strains susceptible to tetracycline. The activity of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was variable. Chloramphenicol, erythromycin, clindamycin, and vancomycin were relatively inactive against most of the organisms tested, but the high degrees of activity of these drugs against specific species or strains, particularly those that were resistant to many drugs, indicated potential clinical usefulness of these agents.
采用微量稀释法，在补充阳离子的穆勒 - 欣顿肉汤中测定了32种抗菌药物对322株非发酵革兰氏阴性杆菌的动物抑制浓度，这些菌株代表了除铜绿假单胞菌外的30个种和未命名的菌群。β-内酰胺类抗生素的活性各不相同，但阿洛西林、美洛西林、哌拉西林、头孢噻肟和莫西沙星始终比现有的青霉素类和头孢菌素类更具活性；类青霉素抗生素美西林活性较低。氨基糖苷类抗生素的活性彼此相似，尽管链霉素和有时卡那霉素的活性低于其他氨基糖苷类。虽然米诺环素和多西环素通常比四环素更具活性，但在体内可达到的浓度下，对前两种药物敏感的菌株百分比仅偶尔高于对四环素敏感的菌株百分比。甲氧苄啶 - 磺胺甲恶唑的活性各不相同。氯霉素、红霉素、克林霉素和万古霉素对大多数测试菌株相对无活性，但这些药物对特定种或菌株，特别是对许多药物耐药的菌株具有高度活性，表明这些药物具有潜在的临床应用价值。
