Cryz S J, Fürer E, Germanier R
Infect Immun. 1982 Oct;38(1):21-6. doi: 10.1128/iai.38.1.21-26.1982.
The effects of heat and chemical inactivation on the antigenicity and immunogenicity of Vibrio cholerae 1418 in rabbits were studied. V. cholerae 1418 was inactivated with heat and chemical inactivants (phenol or Formalin) alone or in combination. Enzyme-linked immunoassay systems employing whole cells of V. cholerae 1418, lipopolysaccharide, or flagella as immobilized antigens were used to measure the antibody response (immunoglobulins G and M) after parenteral immunization of rabbits with various inactivated whole-cell preparations. The "classical" whole-cell vaccine, produced by phenol treatment, was found to be a comparatively poor immunogen. When Formalin was used instead of phenol, the antibody response to all three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antigens was greatly increased. Immunoglobulin G titers to intact V. cholerae cells were as much as 100-fold higher in rabbits immunized with the Formalin-inactivated preparation as compared to the classical phenol-inactivated vaccine. Furthermore, antibody produced against the Formalin-inactivated preparation was capable of recognizing antigenic determinants expressed on the cell surface of several heterologous strains of V. cholerae. These results indicate that the antigenicity and immunogenicity of V. cholerae are greatly affected by the inactivation conditions employed for vaccine production and that Formalin is much superior to phenol as an inactivant under the conditions employed in the present study.
研究了热灭活和化学灭活对霍乱弧菌1418在兔体内抗原性和免疫原性的影响。霍乱弧菌1418单独或联合使用热灭活剂和化学灭活剂（苯酚或福尔马林）进行灭活。采用以霍乱弧菌1418全细胞、脂多糖或鞭毛作为固定抗原的酶联免疫分析系统，检测用各种灭活全细胞制剂对兔进行肠胃外免疫后的抗体反应（免疫球蛋白G和M）。发现通过苯酚处理制备的“经典”全细胞疫苗是一种相对较差的免疫原。当使用福尔马林代替苯酚时，对所有三种酶联免疫吸附分析抗原的抗体反应大大增强。与经典的苯酚灭活疫苗相比，用福尔马林灭活制剂免疫的兔对完整霍乱弧菌细胞的免疫球蛋白G滴度高达100倍。此外，针对福尔马林灭活制剂产生的抗体能够识别几种霍乱弧菌异源菌株细胞表面表达的抗原决定簇。这些结果表明，霍乱弧菌的抗原性和免疫原性受疫苗生产所用灭活条件的极大影响，并且在本研究采用的条件下，福尔马林作为灭活剂远优于苯酚。
