Sunderman F W
Environ Health Perspect. 1981 Aug;40:131-41. doi: 10.1289/ehp.8140131.
Research on nickel carcinogenesis from 1975 to March 1980 is reviewed. Epidemiological studies have strengthened the evidence that workers in nickel refineries have increased risks of cancers of the nasal cavities and lungs. Clinical investigations have resulted in improved diagnosis, classification, and management of cancers of respiratory organs in nickel refinery workers. Carcinogenicity tests have demonstrated the carcinogenicity of nickel subsulfide (alpha-Ni3S2) in rodents following administration by a variety of parenteral routes. Radiotracer studies and x-ray diffractometry have clarified the metabolism of alpha-Ni3S2 in rodents. In vitro exposures of mammalian cells to certain nickel compounds have been shown to inhibit cellular uptake of thymidine-3H, and to induce chromosomal aberrations, somatic mutations, and morphological transformation. Mutagenicity tests of nickel compounds in bacterial systems have consistently been negative. Ni(II) has beeb reported to impair the fidelity of viral and bacterial DNA polymerases for in vitro replication of synthetic nucleotide templates.
回顾了1975年至1980年3月期间关于镍致癌作用的研究。流行病学研究进一步证实，镍精炼厂工人患鼻腔癌和肺癌的风险增加。临床调查改进了镍精炼厂工人呼吸器官癌症的诊断、分类和管理。致癌性试验表明，通过多种非肠道途径给啮齿动物注射硫化镍（α-Ni3S2）具有致癌性。放射性示踪研究和X射线衍射测定法已阐明α-Ni3S2在啮齿动物体内的代谢情况。已证明哺乳动物细胞在体外接触某些镍化合物会抑制3H-胸腺嘧啶核苷的细胞摄取，并诱导染色体畸变、体细胞突变和形态转化。镍化合物在细菌系统中的致突变性试验一直呈阴性。据报道，Ni(II)会损害病毒和细菌DNA聚合酶对合成核苷酸模板进行体外复制的保真度。
