Balsam P D, Schwartz A L
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1981 Oct;7(4):382-93.
Two experiments are reported which investigate the speed of contextual conditioning in autoshaping. In both experiments, a procedure was employed in which ring doves were magazine trained in one context prior to the manipulation of background values in a second context. In Experiment 1, subjects were exposed to 4, 8, 64, 128, or 256 US-only presentations prior to autoshaping. Acquisition speed and maintained response measures were monotonically related to the number of pretraining trials. Subjects in Group 4 acquired the key-peck response fastest, and retardation was maximal within 64 pretraining trials. In Experiment 2, subjects given 20 pretraining trials were significantly more retarded than subjects given 2 pretraining trials, but only when pretraining and testing were conducted in the same context. Overall, the results of these experiments show that in autoshaping, contextual conditioning is very rapid; this demonstrates the plausibility of theoretical accounts of Pavlovian conditioning which assert that the development of the conditioned response depends on the associative values of both the CS and background stimuli.
本文报告了两项关于自动塑造中情境条件作用速度的实验。在这两项实验中，均采用了一种程序，即先在一种情境中对环鸽进行食槽训练，然后在另一种情境中改变背景值。在实验1中，在自动塑造之前，让受试者接受4次、8次、64次、128次或256次仅呈现无条件刺激（US）的试验。习得速度和持续反应测量与预训练试验次数呈单调相关。4次组的受试者习得啄键反应最快，在64次预训练试验内延迟最大。在实验2中，接受20次预训练试验的受试者比接受2次预训练试验的受试者延迟显著更大，但仅当预训练和测试在相同情境中进行时才如此。总体而言，这些实验结果表明，在自动塑造中，情境条件作用非常迅速；这证明了巴甫洛夫条件作用理论解释的合理性，该理论认为条件反应的发展取决于条件刺激（CS）和背景刺激的联想值。
