Sauter E A, Petersen C F, Steele E E, Parkinson J F, Dixon J E, Stroh R C
Poult Sci. 1981 Mar;60(3):569-74. doi: 10.3382/ps.0600569.
Two experiments were conducted to compare effects of housing temperatures and bird density on the airborne microflora of poultry houses. Temperatures of 15.6 and 26.7 C were used with birds housed at densities of .42 or .84 m3 per bird. Air samples were taken using a New Brunswick STA 200 microbiological air sampler. Numbers of aerobic, anaerobic, coliform and lactic acid bacteria, and molds were determined by plate counts with numbers of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus determined by most probable numbers procedures. Microorganisms were identified by picking representative colonies from plates and inoculating into differential media for biochemical tests. Higher bird density (.42 m3/bird) resulted in greater numbers of airborne microorganisms in both experiments. Fifteen genera of bacteria were identified with two or more species identified for eight genera. Among the most commonly identified aerobic genera were Bacillus, Micrococcus, Proteus, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus, while four species of Clostridia were the most frequently identified anaerobes. Nine genera of molds were identified with over one-half of all isolates being either Aspergillus or Penicillium. Microorganisms represented only a small fraction of the airborne particulate matter in the study.
进行了两项实验，以比较禽舍温度和饲养密度对禽舍空气微生物群落的影响。实验采用15.6摄氏度和26.7摄氏度的温度，鸡的饲养密度为每只鸡0.42立方米或0.84立方米。使用新不伦瑞克STA 200微生物空气采样器采集空气样本。通过平板计数法测定需氧菌、厌氧菌、大肠菌群和乳酸菌以及霉菌的数量，通过最大可能数法测定大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的数量。通过从平板上挑选代表性菌落并接种到鉴别培养基中进行生化试验来鉴定微生物。在两项实验中，较高的饲养密度（每只鸡0.42立方米）导致空气中微生物数量更多。鉴定出了15个细菌属，其中8个属鉴定出两种或更多种。最常见的需氧菌属包括芽孢杆菌属、微球菌属、变形杆菌属、假单胞菌属和葡萄球菌属，而梭菌属的4个种是最常见的厌氧菌。鉴定出了9个霉菌属，所有分离株中超过一半是曲霉属或青霉属。在该研究中，微生物仅占空气中颗粒物的一小部分。
