Burlew M M, Madsen E L, Zagzebski J A, Banjavic R A, Sum S W
Radiology. 1980 Feb;134(2):517-20. doi: 10.1148/radiology.134.2.7352242.
Two limitations on the animal-hide gelatin and graphite powder tissue equivalent (TE) materials are that they cannot be produced consistently with speeds of sound less than 1,570 m/s at room temperature (22 degrees C) and that irreparable damage can result if the materials are raised to temperatures above 32.5 degrees C. An acceptable substitute polysaccharide gel (agar) has a high melting point (78 degrees C) and can be made to exhibit speeds of sound over the range 1,498 m/s to over 1,600 m/s at 22 degrees C. Thus TE material made with agar is environmentally stable and can be manufactured to exhibit the important speed of sound, 1,540 m/s.