Flavell J H, Shipstead S G, Croft K
Child Dev. 1978 Dec;49(4):1208-11.
Children of ages 2 1/2, 3, and 3 1/2 years were tested for their understanding of object hiding, believed to reflect an early developmental level of knowledge about visual perception. Even the youngest subjects could nonegocentrically hide an object by placing it on the opposite side of a screen from another person, even though placing it there necessarily left it unhidden from themselves. In contrast, there was a significant increase with age in the ability to achieve the same physical end state by placing the screen between the other person and the object. Most subjects at each age level correctly indicated that the other person could see the object when the experimenter interposed the screen between the child and the object but that the other person could not see the object when she placed the screen between the other person and the object. These and other recent findings indicate that children of this age can be both nonegocentric and skillful at estimating what other people do and do not see under various viewing conditions.
对2岁半、3岁和3岁半的儿童进行了测试，以考察他们对物体隐藏的理解，这被认为反映了早期关于视觉感知的知识发展水平。即使是最小的受试者也能做到不以自我为中心地隐藏物体，方法是将物体放在屏幕与另一个人相对的一侧，尽管把物体放在那里必然会使自己能看到它。相比之下，通过将屏幕放在另一个人和物体之间来达到相同物理最终状态的能力会随着年龄显著提高。在每个年龄组中，大多数受试者都能正确指出，当实验者将屏幕置于儿童和物体之间时，另一个人能看到物体；但当她将屏幕置于另一个人和物体之间时，另一个人看不到物体。这些以及其他最近的研究结果表明，这个年龄段的儿童在估计他人在各种观看条件下能看到和看不到什么时，既能做到不以自我为中心，又表现得很熟练。
