Cloninger C R, Sigvardsson S, Przybeck T R, Svrakic D M
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1995;245(4-5):239-44. doi: 10.1007/BF02191803.
Kraepelin viewed alcoholism as a symptom complex caused by heritable individual differences in emotional predisposition and volitional control. Recent clinical and genetic research has distinguished subtypes of alcoholics with different personality traits, symptoms, course, mode of inheritance, and response to treatment. The heritable personality traits that influence the initiation, continuation, and severity of alcoholism were examined by interview of a national area probability sample of 1019 non-institutionalized adults across the continental United States of America. We found that harm avoidance inhibits the initiation and frequency of drinking, but increases the risk of developing problems once frequent drinking has begun. Novelty seeking increases the initiation of drinking and the probabilities of frequent and problem drinking. This supports Kraepelin's description of the etiology and course of alcoholism as a symptom complex related to individual differences in emotional predisposition.
克雷佩林将酒精中毒视为一种症状复合体，它由情绪易感性和意志控制方面可遗传的个体差异所引起。近期的临床和遗传学研究已经区分出具有不同人格特质、症状、病程、遗传模式及治疗反应的酗酒者亚型。通过对美国大陆1019名非住院成年人的全国区域概率样本进行访谈，研究了影响酒精中毒发生、持续及严重程度的可遗传人格特质。我们发现，回避伤害会抑制饮酒的开始和频率，但一旦开始频繁饮酒，就会增加出现问题的风险。寻求新奇会增加饮酒的开始以及频繁饮酒和出现饮酒问题的可能性。这支持了克雷佩林对酒精中毒病因和病程的描述，即它是一种与情绪易感性个体差异相关的症状复合体。
