Willner P, Hardman S, Eaton G
Department of Psychology, University of Wales, Swansea, UK.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1995 Mar;118(2):171-7. doi: 10.1007/BF02245836.
Cigarette cravings were evaluated in a sample of moderately heavy smokers, using the Questionnaire on Smoking Urges (QSU: Tiffany and Drobes 1991), which produces scores on two factors, related to the positive (factor I) and negative (factor II)-reinforcing properties of smoking, respectively. Smoking motivation was also assessed behaviourally using a progressive-ratio operant procedure, in which responding on a computer keyboard was reinforced by puffs on a cigarette, under a progressively increasing work requirement. Abstinence (4-14 h) increased scores on both subjective and behavioural measures. In non-deprived subjects, behavioural measures and cigarette liking correlated more strongly with factor I of the QSU than with factor II, while in abstinent subjects, correlations with factor II were stronger than with factor I. The significant relationships between the QSU and cigarette-reinforced progressive-ratio operant performance support the validity of both of these procedures as measures of cigarette craving.
在中度烟瘾吸烟者样本中，使用吸烟冲动问卷（QSU：Tiffany和Drobes，1991年）评估对香烟的渴望，该问卷在两个因素上产生得分，分别与吸烟的积极（因素I）和消极（因素II）强化特性相关。还使用渐进比率操作性程序对吸烟动机进行行为评估，在该程序中，在逐渐增加的工作要求下，通过香烟抽吸来强化在电脑键盘上的反应。戒断（4 - 14小时）增加了主观和行为测量的得分。在未戒断的受试者中，行为测量和对香烟的喜好与QSU的因素I的相关性比对因素II的相关性更强，而在戒断的受试者中，与因素II的相关性比对因素I的相关性更强。QSU与香烟强化的渐进比率操作性表现之间的显著关系支持了这两种程序作为香烟渴望测量方法的有效性。
