Spivey-Knowlton M, Sedivy J C
Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
Cognition. 1995 Jun;55(3):227-67. doi: 10.1016/0010-0277(94)00647-4.
Different theories of syntactic ambiguity resolution argue for different sources of information determining initial parsing decisions (e.g., structurally defined parsing principles, lexically specific biases, or referential pragmatics). However, a "constraint-based" approach to syntactic ambiguity resolution proposes that both lexically specific biases and referential pragmatics are used in parallel by the comprehender. Analyses of text corpora, sentence fragment completions, and self-paced reading experiments were conducted to demonstrate that both local information (lexically specific biases) and contextual information (referential presupposition) contribute to the on-line resolution of prepositional phrase attachment ambiguities. There does not appear to be a role for purely structurally defined parsing principles (i.e., minimal attachment). Present and previous evidence is consistent with a developing framework in which multiple constraints (bottom-up and top-down) interact immediately to determine initial syntactic commitments.
不同的句法歧义消解理论主张不同的信息来源决定初始解析决策（例如，结构定义的解析原则、词汇特定偏向或指称语用学）。然而，一种“基于约束”的句法歧义消解方法提出，理解者会并行使用词汇特定偏向和指称语用学。对文本语料库、句子片段完成情况以及自定步速阅读实验进行了分析，以证明局部信息（词汇特定偏向）和语境信息（指称预设）都有助于在线消解介词短语附着歧义。纯粹由结构定义的解析原则（即最小附着）似乎不起作用。当前和先前的证据与一个不断发展的框架一致，在该框架中，多种约束（自下而上和自上而下）会立即相互作用以确定初始句法承诺。
