Hooshmand H, Klopfenstein C F
Department of Grain Science and Industry Kansas State University Manhattan 66506, USA.
Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 1995 Apr;47(3):227-38. doi: 10.1007/BF01088331.
The effects of gamma irradiation on degradation of aflatoxin B1 in wheat, corn, and soybeans and of T-2 toxin in wheat, deoxynivalenol (DON) in soybeans, and zearalenone in corn at 9, 13, and 17% moisture were studied. Radiation doses of 5, 7.5, 10 or 20 kGy were applied to spiked grain samples, and the residual toxins were measured using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Irradiation does of up to 20 kGy did not significantly affect aflatoxin B1 in any of the three grains, but significant reductions occurred in T-2 toxin, DON, and zearalenone concentration at doses of 10 or 20 kGy and in T-2 toxin at the 7.5 kGy dose. Two-way analysis of variance with Tukey's Multiple Range Test showed no significant interaction between radiation dose and grain moisture level. Irradiation of the ground grains at doses higher than 5 kGy resulted in small, but significant, losses of lysine in corn (only at 7.5 kGy), wheat, and soybeans, and methionine was reduced in wheat and corn samples. In some cases, phenylalamine decreased in corn and wheat, and histidine levels in wheat were reduced in samples receiving 7.5 kGy of irradiation. Other essential amino acids were not affected significantly by irradiation.
研究了γ射线辐照对水分含量分别为9%、13%和17%的小麦、玉米和大豆中的黄曲霉毒素B1，以及小麦中的T-2毒素、大豆中的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（呕吐毒素）和玉米中的玉米赤霉烯酮降解的影响。对添加了毒素的谷物样品施加5、7.5、10或20千戈瑞的辐射剂量，并使用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）测量残留毒素。高达20千戈瑞的辐照剂量对这三种谷物中的任何一种的黄曲霉毒素B1均无显著影响，但在10或20千戈瑞剂量下，T-2毒素、呕吐毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮浓度显著降低，在7.5千戈瑞剂量下，T-2毒素浓度显著降低。采用Tukey多重极差检验的双向方差分析表明，辐射剂量与谷物水分含量之间无显著交互作用。高于5千戈瑞剂量辐照磨碎的谷物会导致玉米（仅在7.5千戈瑞时）、小麦和大豆中的赖氨酸小幅但显著损失，小麦和玉米样品中的蛋氨酸含量降低。在某些情况下，玉米和小麦中的苯丙氨酸含量下降，接受7.5千戈瑞辐照的小麦样品中的组氨酸含量降低。其他必需氨基酸受辐照影响不显著。
