体育锻炼如何影响感染的发生。
How physical exercise influences the establishment of infections.
作者信息
Pedersen B K, Bruunsgaard H
机构信息
Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
出版信息
Sports Med. 1995 Jun;19(6):393-400. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199519060-00003.
Abstract
During exercise, leucocytes are recruited to the blood, and if muscle damage occurs the cytokine level is enhanced. After prolonged, intense exercise the number of lymphocytes in the blood is reduced, and the function of natural killer cells is suppressed; furthermore, secretory immunity is impaired. During this time of immunodepression, often referred to as 'the open window', the host may be more susceptible to micro-organisms bypassing the first line of defence. This is of interest to top athletes who perform frequent severe exercise. Clinical observations regarding an increased risk of infections in top athletes are compatible with this model. However, in those performing regular moderate exercise the immune system will often be temporarily enhanced and this will protect these individuals from infections.
摘要
运动期间，白细胞被募集到血液中，若发生肌肉损伤，细胞因子水平会升高。长时间剧烈运动后，血液中淋巴细胞数量减少，自然杀伤细胞功能受到抑制；此外，分泌性免疫也会受损。在这段通常被称为“免疫窗口”的免疫抑制期，宿主可能更容易受到绕过第一道防线的微生物侵袭。这对于经常进行剧烈运动的顶级运动员来说很重要。关于顶级运动员感染风险增加的临床观察结果与该模型相符。然而，对于经常进行适度运动的人来说，免疫系统通常会暂时增强，这将保护这些人免受感染。
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