Giambra L M, Arenberg D, Kawas C, Zonderman A B, Costa P T
National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Psychol Aging. 1995 Mar;10(1):123-39. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.10.1.123.
A sample of 558 women and 1,163 men 17 to 102 years old, screened for neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease, was administered tests of immediate visual memory (Benton Visual Retention Test) and crystallized intelligence (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Vocabulary subtest) from 1 to 5 times over 27.7 years. Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence led to the conclusion that the 65-74-year decade was a watershed for decremental changes in immediate visual memory and verbal intelligence. Age accounted for considerably less variance in vocabulary than in immediate memory. The proportion of individuals whose longitudinal trajectories were contrary to group trends decreased substantially with increased age; observed age changes remained when analyses were restricted to individuals who had perfect or near-perfect mental status scores. Selected neuronal loss and slower reproduction times were considered as possible causes.
对558名年龄在17至102岁之间的女性和1163名男性进行了神经退行性和神经精神疾病筛查，并在27.7年的时间里对他们进行了1至5次即时视觉记忆测试（本顿视觉保持测试）和晶体智力测试（韦氏成人智力量表词汇子测试）。横断面和纵向证据得出结论，65至74岁这十年是即时视觉记忆和言语智力递减变化的分水岭。年龄在词汇方面所占的方差比在即时记忆方面少得多。纵向轨迹与群体趋势相反的个体比例随着年龄的增长而大幅下降；当分析仅限于精神状态得分完美或接近完美的个体时，观察到的年龄变化依然存在。选定的神经元损失和较慢的再生时间被认为是可能的原因。
