Cox N J, Brammer T L, Regnery H L
WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control of Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Eur J Epidemiol. 1994 Aug;10(4):467-70. doi: 10.1007/BF01719678.
Influenza viruses, unlike other viruses for which vaccines have been developed, undergo rapid and unpredictable antigenic variation in the hemagglutinin (HA), the surface glycoprotein primarily responsible for eliciting neutralizing antibodies during infection. Because of this antigenic variability and its consequences, the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1947 established an international network of collaborating laboratories to monitor the emergence and spread of new epidemic and pandemic strains of influenza. This network now includes three international WHO collaborating centers and over 100 WHO national collaborating laboratories. The primary purpose of this network is to detect, through laboratory surveillance, the emergence and spread of antigenic variants of influenza that may signal a need to update the formulation of the influenza vaccine. This laboratory surveillance network has provided the strains needed to update the vaccine as well as a repository of influenza viruses useful for studying the antigenic and genetic evolution of this virus. Knowledge gained from molecular studies on the evolution of drift variants and on the emergence of pandemic strains has made influenza a useful model for understanding the potential threat of other emerging or reemerging microbial diseases.
与已研发出疫苗的其他病毒不同，流感病毒的血凝素（HA）会发生快速且不可预测的抗原变异，血凝素是一种表面糖蛋白，在感染过程中主要负责引发中和抗体。由于这种抗原变异性及其后果，世界卫生组织（WHO）于1947年建立了一个国际合作实验室网络，以监测新型流感流行毒株和大流行毒株的出现与传播。该网络目前包括三个WHO国际合作中心和100多个WHO国家合作实验室。这个网络的主要目的是通过实验室监测，发现可能表明需要更新流感疫苗配方的流感抗原变异株的出现与传播。这个实验室监测网络提供了更新疫苗所需的毒株，以及一个有助于研究该病毒抗原和基因进化的流感病毒库。从关于漂移变异株进化和大流行毒株出现的分子研究中获得的知识，使流感成为理解其他新出现或重新出现的微生物疾病潜在威胁的有用模型。
