Chen Y R, Hwang J S, Guo Y J
Bureau of Comprehensive Planning, Environmental Protection Administration, 41, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi. 1994 Dec;10 Suppl:S78-87.
Due to rapid urbanization, industrialization and social changes in recent years, the use of packing materials and tires has dramatically increased in the Taiwan area. What is more is that some parts of southern Taiwan are short of water resources and water preservation with huge containers becomes part of custom in those areas. Storage water containers, waste vessels and tires are good habitats for Aedes. Meanwhile, some persons traveling to dengue endemic countries bring the dengue disease back to Taiwan. Surveys taken since 1988 show that dengue occurs mainly in the urban and coastal areas where Aedes aegypti is prevalent. This species is the most important, if not the only, vector of dengue in Taiwan. It appears that the types of Aedes breeding have changed quickly. In dengue fever epidemic areas, the most popular breeding sites are ornamental containers (38.8%), storage water containers (30.1%), discarded containers (25.4%), receptacles (3.3%) and water collection in the basement (2.2%). In dengue fever epidemic areas, those building basements, huge water containers, waste vessels and waste tires in open fields are most difficult to clean up and manage and become the most popular Aedes habitats. We established a waste recycling system and promoted a breeding site reduction campaign for waste management, including the application of Temephos in containers to kill larvae. For the drinking water management, fish were released in water containers to prevent larval breeding. It should be mentioned that with the integrated pest control and regular inspections of Aedes larvae in Taiwan the density figures 1, 2-5, and 6 or above for Aedes aegypti were 38.7%, 42.9%, and 18.4%, respectively, in 1988, and in 1993 were 90.8%, 9.2% and 0%. The incidence of dengue fever cases has 98% decreased since 1988. In 1990 and 1993, there was no indigenous cases. We have concluded that integrated pest control is the best and most effective method for dengue fever control, including solid waste and drinking water management.
近年来，由于台湾地区快速的城市化、工业化和社会变迁，包装材料及轮胎的使用量大幅增加。更有甚者，台湾南部部分地区水资源短缺，利用大型容器储水成为当地的一种习俗。储水容器、废弃物容器及轮胎是埃及伊蚊的良好栖息地。同时，一些前往登革热流行国家的人员将登革热带回台湾。自1988年以来的调查显示，登革热主要发生在埃及伊蚊盛行的城市和沿海地区。该蚊种即便不是台湾唯一、也是最重要的登革热传播媒介。埃及伊蚊的孳生类型似乎已迅速改变。在登革热流行区，最常见的孳生地为观赏容器（38.8%）、储水容器（30.1%）、废弃容器（25.4%）、容器（3.3%）及地下室积水（2.2%）。在登革热流行区，建筑物地下室、露天的大型储水容器、废弃物容器及废旧轮胎最难清理和管理，成为最常见的埃及伊蚊栖息地。我们建立了废弃物回收系统，并推广减少孳生地的废弃物管理行动，包括在容器中施用倍硫磷以杀灭幼虫。对于饮用水管理，则在储水容器中投放鱼类以防止幼虫孳生。应当提及的是，随着台湾地区对埃及伊蚊幼虫进行综合虫害防治及定期检查，1988年埃及伊蚊幼虫密度为1、2 - 5及6以上的比例分别为38.7%、42.9%及18.4%，而1993年分别为90.8%、9.2%及0%。自1988年以来登革热病例发病率下降了98%。1990年和1993年无本土病例。我们得出结论，综合虫害防治是控制登革热的最佳且最有效的方法，包括固体废弃物及饮用水管理。
