Hill E M, Blow F C, Young J P, Singer K M
Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Alcohol Research Center, Ann Arbor 48104.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1994 Oct;18(5):1083-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1994.tb00085.x.
Empirical studies provide substantial evidence that having a family history of alcoholism increases the risk of developing alcohol dependence; however, some of this effect may be caused by nonspecific childhood socioeconomic adversity common in families with an alcohol-dependent parent. In this study, we examine joint effects of family history and childhood adversity within a sample of 509 men and 217 women over age 40. The measures analyzed were included in routine screening assessments for participants in various studies at the University of Michigan Alcohol Research Center. About 60% of the men and 45% of the women were alcohol-dependent. About 30% reported an alcoholic parent. Degree of family history affected drinking behavior for both men and women. There were also environmental effects on the same measures for both men and women. Childhood socioeconomic adversity was reported more frequently by participants with an alcoholic parent, but adversity effects were also shown for those with a negative family history. The risk of alcohol dependence was additively increased by a positive family history and childhood socioeconomic adversity. The environmental effects identified in this study are promising evidence for nonspecific factors that moderate family history risk for development of alcohol problems.
实证研究提供了大量证据，表明有酗酒家族史会增加患酒精依赖症的风险；然而，这种影响的一部分可能是由有酒精依赖症父母的家庭中常见的非特定童年社会经济逆境所导致的。在本研究中，我们在一个由509名40岁以上男性和217名40岁以上女性组成的样本中，考察了家族史和童年逆境的共同影响。所分析的测量指标包含在密歇根大学酒精研究中心各项研究参与者的常规筛查评估中。约60%的男性和45%的女性患有酒精依赖症。约30%的人报告有酗酒的父母。家族史程度对男性和女性的饮酒行为都有影响。对于男性和女性的相同测量指标，也存在环境影响。有酗酒父母的参与者更频繁地报告童年社会经济逆境，但对于那些有负面家族史的人，也显示出逆境影响。家族史阳性和童年社会经济逆境会累加增加酒精依赖的风险。本研究中确定的环境影响是关于非特定因素的有力证据，这些因素会缓和家族史对酒精问题发展的风险。
